// main.cpp - Application orchestration (initialization, loop, UI states)
// High-level only: delegates Tetris logic, scores, background, font rendering.

#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
#include <SDL3/SDL_main.h>
#include <SDL3_image/SDL_image.h>
#include <SDL3_ttf/SDL_ttf.h>
#include <string>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <vector>
#include <random>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <memory>
#include <filesystem>
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
#include <mutex>
#include <sstream>

#include "audio/Audio.h"
#include "audio/SoundEffect.h"

#include "gameplay/core/Game.h"
#include "persistence/Scores.h"
#include "graphics/effects/Starfield.h"
#include "graphics/effects/Starfield3D.h"
#include "graphics/effects/SpaceWarp.h"
#include "graphics/ui/Font.h"
#include "graphics/ui/HelpOverlay.h"
#include "gameplay/effects/LineEffect.h"
#include "states/State.h"
#include "states/LoadingState.h"
#include "states/MenuState.h"
#include "states/OptionsState.h"
#include "states/LevelSelectorState.h"
#include "states/PlayingState.h"
#include "audio/MenuWrappers.h"
#include "app/AssetLoader.h"
#include "states/LoadingManager.h"
#include "utils/ImagePathResolver.h"
#include "graphics/renderers/GameRenderer.h"
#include "core/Config.h"
#include "core/Settings.h"
#include "ui/MenuLayout.h"

// Debug logging removed: no-op in this build (previously LOG_DEBUG)

// Font rendering now handled by FontAtlas

// ---------- Game config ----------
static constexpr int LOGICAL_W = 1200;
static constexpr int LOGICAL_H = 1000;
static constexpr int WELL_W = Game::COLS * Game::TILE;
static constexpr int WELL_H = Game::ROWS * Game::TILE;
#include "ui/UIConstants.h"

// Piece types now declared in Game.h

// Scores now managed by ScoreManager

// 4x4 shapes encoded as 16-bit bitmasks per rotation (row-major 4x4).
// Bit 0 = (x=0,y=0), Bit 1 = (1,0) ... Bit 15 = (3,3)
// Shapes & game logic now in Game.cpp

// (removed inline shapes)

// Piece struct now in Game.h

// Game struct replaced by Game class

static const std::array<SDL_Color, PIECE_COUNT + 1> COLORS = {{
    SDL_Color{20, 20, 26, 255},  // 0 empty
    SDL_Color{0, 255, 255, 255}, // I
    SDL_Color{255, 255, 0, 255}, // O
    SDL_Color{160, 0, 255, 255}, // T
    SDL_Color{0, 255, 0, 255},   // S
    SDL_Color{255, 0, 0, 255},   // Z
    SDL_Color{0, 0, 255, 255},   // J
    SDL_Color{255, 160, 0, 255}, // L
}};

// Global collector for asset loading errors shown on the loading screen
static std::vector<std::string> g_assetLoadErrors;
static std::mutex g_assetLoadErrorsMutex;
// Loading counters for progress UI and debug overlay
static std::atomic<int> g_totalLoadingTasks{0};
static std::atomic<int> g_loadedTasks{0};
static std::string g_currentLoadingFile;
static std::mutex g_currentLoadingMutex;

static void drawRect(SDL_Renderer *r, float x, float y, float w, float h, SDL_Color c)
{
    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(r, c.r, c.g, c.b, c.a);
    SDL_FRect fr{x, y, w, h};
    SDL_RenderFillRect(r, &fr);
}

static SDL_Texture* loadTextureFromImage(SDL_Renderer* renderer, const std::string& path, int* outW = nullptr, int* outH = nullptr) {
    if (!renderer) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    const std::string resolvedPath = AssetPath::resolveImagePath(path);
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_currentLoadingMutex);
        g_currentLoadingFile = resolvedPath.empty() ? path : resolvedPath;
    }
    SDL_Surface* surface = IMG_Load(resolvedPath.c_str());
    if (!surface) {
        // Record the error for display on the loading screen
        {
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_assetLoadErrorsMutex);
            std::ostringstream ss;
            ss << "Image load failed: " << path << " (" << resolvedPath << "): " << SDL_GetError();
            g_assetLoadErrors.emplace_back(ss.str());
        }
        g_loadedTasks.fetch_add(1);
        {
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_currentLoadingMutex);
            g_currentLoadingFile.clear();
        }
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to load image %s (resolved: %s): %s", path.c_str(), resolvedPath.c_str(), SDL_GetError());
        return nullptr;
    }

    if (outW) { *outW = surface->w; }
    if (outH) { *outH = surface->h; }

    SDL_Texture* texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, surface);
    SDL_DestroySurface(surface);

    if (!texture) {
        {
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_assetLoadErrorsMutex);
            std::ostringstream ss;
            ss << "Texture create failed: " << resolvedPath << ": " << SDL_GetError();
            g_assetLoadErrors.emplace_back(ss.str());
        }
        g_loadedTasks.fetch_add(1);
        {
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_currentLoadingMutex);
            g_currentLoadingFile.clear();
        }
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to create texture from %s: %s", resolvedPath.c_str(), SDL_GetError());
        return nullptr;
    }
    // Mark this task as completed
    g_loadedTasks.fetch_add(1);
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_currentLoadingMutex);
        g_currentLoadingFile.clear();
    }
    if (resolvedPath != path) {
        SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Loaded %s via %s", path.c_str(), resolvedPath.c_str());
    }

    return texture;
}

enum class LevelBackgroundPhase { Idle, ZoomOut, ZoomIn };

struct LevelBackgroundFader {
    SDL_Texture* currentTex = nullptr;
    SDL_Texture* nextTex = nullptr;
    int currentLevel = -1;
    int queuedLevel = -1;
    float phaseElapsedMs = 0.0f;
    float phaseDurationMs = 0.0f;
    float fadeDurationMs = Config::Gameplay::LEVEL_FADE_DURATION;
    LevelBackgroundPhase phase = LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle;
};

static float getPhaseDurationMs(const LevelBackgroundFader& fader, LevelBackgroundPhase phase) {
    const float total = std::max(1200.0f, fader.fadeDurationMs);
    switch (phase) {
        case LevelBackgroundPhase::ZoomOut: return total * 0.45f;
        case LevelBackgroundPhase::ZoomIn:  return total * 0.45f;
        case LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle:
        default: return 0.0f;
    }
}

static void setPhase(LevelBackgroundFader& fader, LevelBackgroundPhase nextPhase) {
    fader.phase = nextPhase;
    fader.phaseDurationMs = getPhaseDurationMs(fader, nextPhase);
    fader.phaseElapsedMs = 0.0f;
}

static void destroyTexture(SDL_Texture*& tex) {
    if (tex) {
        SDL_DestroyTexture(tex);
        tex = nullptr;
    }
}

static bool queueLevelBackground(LevelBackgroundFader& fader, SDL_Renderer* renderer, int level) {
    if (!renderer) {
        return false;
    }

    level = std::clamp(level, 0, 32);
    if (fader.currentLevel == level || fader.queuedLevel == level) {
        return true;
    }

    char bgPath[256];
    std::snprintf(bgPath, sizeof(bgPath), "assets/images/levels/level%d.jpg", level);

    SDL_Texture* newTexture = loadTextureFromImage(renderer, bgPath);
    if (!newTexture) {
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to queue background for level %d: %s", level, bgPath);
        return false;
    }

    destroyTexture(fader.nextTex);
    fader.nextTex = newTexture;
    fader.queuedLevel = level;

    if (!fader.currentTex) {
        // First background load happens instantly.
        fader.currentTex = fader.nextTex;
        fader.currentLevel = fader.queuedLevel;
        fader.nextTex = nullptr;
        fader.queuedLevel = -1;
        fader.phase = LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle;
        fader.phaseElapsedMs = 0.0f;
        fader.phaseDurationMs = 0.0f;
    } else if (fader.phase == LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle) {
        // Kick off fancy transition.
        setPhase(fader, LevelBackgroundPhase::ZoomOut);
    }

    return true;
}

static void updateLevelBackgroundFade(LevelBackgroundFader& fader, float frameMs) {
    if (fader.phase == LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle) {
        return;
    }

    // Guard against missing textures
    if (!fader.currentTex && !fader.nextTex) {
        fader.phase = LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle;
        return;
    }

    fader.phaseElapsedMs += frameMs;
    if (fader.phaseElapsedMs < std::max(1.0f, fader.phaseDurationMs)) {
        return;
    }

    switch (fader.phase) {
        case LevelBackgroundPhase::ZoomOut:
            // After zoom-out, swap textures then start zoom-in.
            if (fader.nextTex) {
                destroyTexture(fader.currentTex);
                fader.currentTex = fader.nextTex;
                fader.currentLevel = fader.queuedLevel;
                fader.nextTex = nullptr;
                fader.queuedLevel = -1;
            }
            setPhase(fader, LevelBackgroundPhase::ZoomIn);
            break;
        case LevelBackgroundPhase::ZoomIn:
            fader.phase = LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle;
            fader.phaseElapsedMs = 0.0f;
            fader.phaseDurationMs = 0.0f;
            break;
        case LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle:
        default:
            fader.phase = LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle;
            break;
    }
}

static void renderScaledBackground(SDL_Renderer* renderer, SDL_Texture* tex, int winW, int winH, float scale, Uint8 alpha = 255) {
    if (!renderer || !tex) {
        return;
    }

    scale = std::max(0.5f, scale);
    SDL_FRect dest{
        (winW - winW * scale) * 0.5f,
        (winH - winH * scale) * 0.5f,
        winW * scale,
        winH * scale
    };

    SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(tex, alpha);
    SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, tex, nullptr, &dest);
    SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(tex, 255);
}

static void renderDynamicBackground(SDL_Renderer* renderer, SDL_Texture* tex, int winW, int winH, float baseScale, float motionClockMs, float alphaMul = 1.0f) {
    if (!renderer || !tex) {
        return;
    }

    const float seconds = motionClockMs * 0.001f;
    const float wobble = std::max(0.4f, baseScale + std::sin(seconds * 0.07f) * 0.02f + std::sin(seconds * 0.23f) * 0.01f);
    const float rotation = std::sin(seconds * 0.035f) * 1.25f;
    const float panX = std::sin(seconds * 0.11f) * winW * 0.02f;
    const float panY = std::cos(seconds * 0.09f) * winH * 0.015f;

    SDL_FRect dest{
        (winW - winW * wobble) * 0.5f + panX,
        (winH - winH * wobble) * 0.5f + panY,
        winW * wobble,
        winH * wobble
    };
    SDL_FPoint center{dest.w * 0.5f, dest.h * 0.5f};

    Uint8 alpha = static_cast<Uint8>(std::clamp(alphaMul, 0.0f, 1.0f) * 255.0f);
    SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(tex, alpha);
    SDL_RenderTextureRotated(renderer, tex, nullptr, &dest, rotation, &center, SDL_FLIP_NONE);
    SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(tex, 255);
}

static void drawOverlay(SDL_Renderer* renderer, const SDL_FRect& rect, SDL_Color color, Uint8 alpha) {
    if (!renderer || alpha == 0) {
        return;
    }
    SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND);
    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, color.r, color.g, color.b, alpha);
    SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &rect);
    SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_NONE);
}

static void renderLevelBackgrounds(const LevelBackgroundFader& fader, SDL_Renderer* renderer, int winW, int winH, float motionClockMs) {
    if (!renderer) {
        return;
    }

    SDL_FRect fullRect{0.f, 0.f, static_cast<float>(winW), static_cast<float>(winH)};
    const float duration = std::max(1.0f, fader.phaseDurationMs);
    const float progress = (fader.phase == LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle) ? 0.0f : std::clamp(fader.phaseElapsedMs / duration, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    const float seconds = motionClockMs * 0.001f;

    switch (fader.phase) {
        case LevelBackgroundPhase::ZoomOut: {
            const float scale = 1.0f + progress * 0.15f;
            if (fader.currentTex) {
                renderDynamicBackground(renderer, fader.currentTex, winW, winH, scale, motionClockMs, (1.0f - progress * 0.4f));
                drawOverlay(renderer, fullRect, SDL_Color{0, 0, 0, 255}, Uint8(progress * 200.0f));
            }
            break;
        }
        case LevelBackgroundPhase::ZoomIn: {
            const float scale = 1.10f - progress * 0.10f;
            const Uint8 alpha = Uint8((0.4f + progress * 0.6f) * 255.0f);
            if (fader.currentTex) {
                renderDynamicBackground(renderer, fader.currentTex, winW, winH, scale, motionClockMs, alpha / 255.0f);
            }
            break;
        }
        case LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle:
        default:
            if (fader.currentTex) {
                renderDynamicBackground(renderer, fader.currentTex, winW, winH, 1.02f, motionClockMs, 1.0f);
                float pulse = 0.35f + 0.25f * (0.5f + 0.5f * std::sin(seconds * 0.5f));
                drawOverlay(renderer, fullRect, SDL_Color{5, 12, 28, 255}, Uint8(pulse * 90.0f));
            } else if (fader.nextTex) {
                renderDynamicBackground(renderer, fader.nextTex, winW, winH, 1.02f, motionClockMs, 1.0f);
            } else {
                drawOverlay(renderer, fullRect, SDL_Color{0, 0, 0, 255}, 255);
            }
            break;
    }
}

static void resetLevelBackgrounds(LevelBackgroundFader& fader) {
    destroyTexture(fader.currentTex);
    destroyTexture(fader.nextTex);
    fader.currentLevel = -1;
    fader.queuedLevel = -1;
    fader.phaseElapsedMs = 0.0f;
    fader.phaseDurationMs = 0.0f;
    fader.phase = LevelBackgroundPhase::Idle;
}

// Hover state for level popup ( -1 = none, 0..19 = hovered level )
// Now managed by LevelSelectorState

// ...existing code...

// Legacy rendering functions removed (moved to UIRenderer / GameRenderer)


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Starfield effect for background
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Starfield now managed by Starfield class

// State manager integration (scaffolded in StateManager.h)
#include "core/state/StateManager.h"

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Intro/Menu state variables
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "app/BackgroundManager.h"
#include "app/Fireworks.h"
static double logoAnimCounter = 0.0;
static bool showSettingsPopup = false;
static bool showHelpOverlay = false;
static bool showExitConfirmPopup = false;
static int exitPopupSelectedButton = 1; // 0 = YES, 1 = NO
static bool musicEnabled = true;
static int hoveredButton = -1; // -1 = none, 0 = play, 1 = level, 2 = settings
static bool isNewHighScore = false;
static std::string playerName = "";
static bool helpOverlayPausedGame = false;

// Fireworks implementation moved to app/Fireworks.{h,cpp}

int main(int, char **)
{
    // Initialize random seed for procedural effects
    srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(SDL_GetTicks()));
    
    // Load settings
    Settings::instance().load();
    
    // Sync static variables with settings
    musicEnabled = Settings::instance().isMusicEnabled();
    playerName = Settings::instance().getPlayerName();
    if (playerName.empty()) playerName = "Player";
    
    // Apply sound settings to manager
    SoundEffectManager::instance().setEnabled(Settings::instance().isSoundEnabled());
    
    int sdlInitRes = SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO);
    if (sdlInitRes < 0)
    {
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "SDL_Init failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
        return 1;
    }
    int ttfInitRes = TTF_Init();
    if (ttfInitRes < 0)
    {
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "TTF_Init failed");
        SDL_Quit();
        return 1;
    }
    
    SDL_WindowFlags windowFlags = SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE;
    if (Settings::instance().isFullscreen()) {
        windowFlags |= SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN;
    }
    
    SDL_Window *window = SDL_CreateWindow("Tetris (SDL3)", LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H, windowFlags);
    if (!window)
    {
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "SDL_CreateWindow failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
        TTF_Quit();
        SDL_Quit();
        return 1;
    }
    SDL_Renderer *renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, nullptr);
    if (!renderer)
    {
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "SDL_CreateRenderer failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
        SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        TTF_Quit();
        SDL_Quit();
        return 1;
    }
    SDL_SetRenderVSync(renderer, 1);

    if (const char* basePathRaw = SDL_GetBasePath()) {
        std::filesystem::path exeDir(basePathRaw);
        AssetPath::setBasePath(exeDir.string());
#if defined(__APPLE__)
        // On macOS bundles launched from Finder start in /, so re-root relative paths.
        std::error_code ec;
        std::filesystem::current_path(exeDir, ec);
        if (ec) {
            SDL_LogWarn(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION,
                "Failed to set working directory to %s: %s",
                exeDir.string().c_str(), ec.message().c_str());
        }
#endif
    } else {
        SDL_LogWarn(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION,
            "SDL_GetBasePath() failed; asset lookups rely on current directory: %s",
            SDL_GetError());
    }

    // Asset loader (creates SDL_Textures on the main thread)
    AssetLoader assetLoader;
    assetLoader.init(renderer);
    LoadingManager loadingManager(&assetLoader);

    // Font and UI asset handles (actual loading deferred until Loading state)
    FontAtlas pixelFont;
    FontAtlas font;
    
    ScoreManager scores;
    std::atomic<bool> scoresLoadComplete{false};
    // Load scores asynchronously but keep the worker alive until shutdown to avoid lifetime issues
    std::jthread scoreLoader([&scores, &scoresLoadComplete]() {
        scores.load();
        scoresLoadComplete.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
    });
    std::jthread menuTrackLoader;
    Starfield starfield;
    starfield.init(200, LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H);
    Starfield3D starfield3D;
    starfield3D.init(LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H, 200);
    SpaceWarp spaceWarp;
    spaceWarp.init(LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H, 420);
    SpaceWarpFlightMode warpFlightMode = SpaceWarpFlightMode::Forward;
    spaceWarp.setFlightMode(warpFlightMode);
    bool warpAutoPilotEnabled = true;
    spaceWarp.setAutoPilotEnabled(true);
    
    // Initialize line clearing effects
    LineEffect lineEffect;
    lineEffect.init(renderer);
    
    // Asset handles (textures initialized by loader thread when Loading state starts)
    SDL_Texture* logoTex = nullptr;
    int logoSmallW = 0, logoSmallH = 0;
    SDL_Texture* logoSmallTex = nullptr;
    SDL_Texture* backgroundTex = nullptr; // No static background texture is used
    int mainScreenW = 0, mainScreenH = 0;
    SDL_Texture* mainScreenTex = nullptr;

    // Level background manager (moved to BackgroundManager)
    BackgroundManager levelBackgrounds;

    // Default start level selection: 0 (declare here so it's in scope for all handlers)
    int startLevelSelection = 0;

    SDL_Texture* blocksTex = nullptr;
    SDL_Texture* scorePanelTex = nullptr;
    SDL_Texture* statisticsPanelTex = nullptr;
    SDL_Texture* nextPanelTex = nullptr;

    // Music loading tracking
    int totalTracks = 0;
    int currentTrackLoading = 0;
    bool musicLoaded = false;
    bool musicStarted = false;
    bool musicLoadingStarted = false;

    // Loader control: execute incrementally on main thread to avoid SDL threading issues
    std::atomic_bool g_loadingStarted{false};
    std::atomic_bool g_loadingComplete{false};
    std::atomic<size_t> g_loadingStep{0};

    // Loading is now handled by AssetLoader + LoadingManager.
    // Old incremental lambda removed; use LoadingManager to queue texture loads and
    // perform a single step per frame. Non-texture initialization (fonts, SFX)
    // is performed on the first loading frame below when the loader is started.
        
    Game game(startLevelSelection);
    // Apply global gravity speed multiplier from config
    game.setGravityGlobalMultiplier(Config::Gameplay::GRAVITY_SPEED_MULTIPLIER);
    game.reset(startLevelSelection);
    
    // Sound effects system already initialized; audio loads are handled by loader thread
    
    // Define voice line banks for gameplay callbacks
    std::vector<std::string> singleSounds = {"well_played", "smooth_clear", "great_move"};
    std::vector<std::string> doubleSounds = {"nice_combo", "you_fire", "keep_that_ryhtm"};
    std::vector<std::string> tripleSounds = {"impressive", "triple_strike"};
    std::vector<std::string> tetrisSounds = {"amazing", "you_re_unstoppable", "boom_tetris", "wonderful"};
    
    bool suppressLineVoiceForLevelUp = false;

    auto playVoiceCue = [&](int linesCleared) {
        const std::vector<std::string>* bank = nullptr;
        switch (linesCleared) {
            case 1: bank = &singleSounds; break;
            case 2: bank = &doubleSounds; break;
            case 3: bank = &tripleSounds; break;
            default:
                if (linesCleared >= 4) {
                    bank = &tetrisSounds;
                }
                break;
        }
        if (bank && !bank->empty()) {
            SoundEffectManager::instance().playRandomSound(*bank, 1.0f);
        }
    };

    // Set up sound effect callbacks
    game.setSoundCallback([&, playVoiceCue](int linesCleared) {
        if (linesCleared <= 0) {
            return;
        }

        // Always play the core line-clear sound for consistency
        SoundEffectManager::instance().playSound("clear_line", 1.0f);

        // Layer a voiced callout based on the number of cleared lines
        if (!suppressLineVoiceForLevelUp) {
            playVoiceCue(linesCleared);
        }
        suppressLineVoiceForLevelUp = false;
    });
    
    game.setLevelUpCallback([&](int newLevel) {
        SoundEffectManager::instance().playSound("new_level", 1.0f);
        SoundEffectManager::instance().playSound("lets_go", 1.0f); // Existing voice line
        suppressLineVoiceForLevelUp = true;
    });
    
    AppState state = AppState::Loading;
    double loadingProgress = 0.0;
    Uint64 loadStart = SDL_GetTicks();
    bool running = true;
    bool isFullscreen = Settings::instance().isFullscreen();
    bool leftHeld = false, rightHeld = false;
    double moveTimerMs = 0;
    const double DAS = 170.0, ARR = 40.0;
    SDL_Rect logicalVP{0, 0, LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H};
    float logicalScale = 1.f;
    Uint64 lastMs = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();

    enum class MenuFadePhase { None, FadeOut, FadeIn };
    MenuFadePhase menuFadePhase = MenuFadePhase::None;
    double menuFadeClockMs = 0.0;
    float menuFadeAlpha = 0.0f;
    const double MENU_PLAY_FADE_DURATION_MS = 450.0;
    AppState menuFadeTarget = AppState::Menu;
    bool menuPlayCountdownArmed = false;
    bool gameplayCountdownActive = false;
    double gameplayCountdownElapsed = 0.0;
    int gameplayCountdownIndex = 0;
    const double GAMEPLAY_COUNTDOWN_STEP_MS = 400.0;
    const std::array<const char*, 4> GAMEPLAY_COUNTDOWN_LABELS = { "3", "2", "1", "START" };
    double gameplayBackgroundClockMs = 0.0;
    
    // Instantiate state manager
    StateManager stateMgr(state);

    // Prepare shared context for states
    StateContext ctx{};
    // Allow states to access the state manager for transitions
    ctx.stateManager = &stateMgr;
    ctx.game = &game;
    ctx.scores = nullptr; // populated once async load finishes
    ctx.starfield = &starfield;
    ctx.starfield3D = &starfield3D;
    ctx.font = &font;
    ctx.pixelFont = &pixelFont;
    ctx.lineEffect = &lineEffect;
    ctx.logoTex = logoTex;
    ctx.logoSmallTex = logoSmallTex;
    ctx.logoSmallW = logoSmallW;
    ctx.logoSmallH = logoSmallH;
    ctx.backgroundTex = nullptr;
    ctx.blocksTex = blocksTex;
    ctx.scorePanelTex = scorePanelTex;
    ctx.statisticsPanelTex = statisticsPanelTex;
    ctx.nextPanelTex = nextPanelTex;
    ctx.mainScreenTex = mainScreenTex;
    ctx.mainScreenW = mainScreenW;
    ctx.mainScreenH = mainScreenH;
    ctx.musicEnabled = &musicEnabled;
    ctx.startLevelSelection = &startLevelSelection;
    ctx.hoveredButton = &hoveredButton;
    ctx.showSettingsPopup = &showSettingsPopup;
    ctx.showHelpOverlay = &showHelpOverlay;
    ctx.showExitConfirmPopup = &showExitConfirmPopup;
    ctx.exitPopupSelectedButton = &exitPopupSelectedButton;
    ctx.gameplayCountdownActive = &gameplayCountdownActive;
    ctx.menuPlayCountdownArmed = &menuPlayCountdownArmed;
    ctx.playerName = &playerName;
    ctx.fullscreenFlag = &isFullscreen;
    ctx.applyFullscreen = [window, &isFullscreen](bool enable) {
        SDL_SetWindowFullscreen(window, enable ? SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN : 0);
        isFullscreen = enable;
    };
    ctx.queryFullscreen = [window]() -> bool {
        return (SDL_GetWindowFlags(window) & SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN) != 0;
    };
    ctx.requestQuit = [&running]() {
        running = false;
    };

    auto ensureScoresLoaded = [&]() {
        if (scoreLoader.joinable()) {
            scoreLoader.join();
        }
        if (!ctx.scores) {
            ctx.scores = &scores;
        }
    };

    auto beginStateFade = [&](AppState targetState, bool armGameplayCountdown) {
        if (!ctx.stateManager) {
            return;
        }
        if (state == targetState) {
            return;
        }
        if (menuFadePhase != MenuFadePhase::None) {
            return;
        }

        menuFadePhase = MenuFadePhase::FadeOut;
        menuFadeClockMs = 0.0;
        menuFadeAlpha = 0.0f;
        menuFadeTarget = targetState;
        menuPlayCountdownArmed = armGameplayCountdown;
        gameplayCountdownActive = false;
        gameplayCountdownIndex = 0;
        gameplayCountdownElapsed = 0.0;

        if (!armGameplayCountdown) {
            game.setPaused(false);
        }
    };

    auto startMenuPlayTransition = [&]() {
        if (!ctx.stateManager) {
            return;
        }
        if (state != AppState::Menu) {
            state = AppState::Playing;
            ctx.stateManager->setState(state);
            return;
        }
        beginStateFade(AppState::Playing, true);
    };
    ctx.startPlayTransition = startMenuPlayTransition;

    auto requestStateFade = [&](AppState targetState) {
        if (!ctx.stateManager) {
            return;
        }
        if (targetState == AppState::Playing) {
            startMenuPlayTransition();
            return;
        }
        beginStateFade(targetState, false);
    };
    ctx.requestFadeTransition = requestStateFade;

    // Instantiate state objects
    auto loadingState = std::make_unique<LoadingState>(ctx);
    auto menuState = std::make_unique<MenuState>(ctx);
    auto optionsState = std::make_unique<OptionsState>(ctx);
    auto levelSelectorState = std::make_unique<LevelSelectorState>(ctx);
    auto playingState = std::make_unique<PlayingState>(ctx);

    // Register handlers and lifecycle hooks
    stateMgr.registerHandler(AppState::Loading, [&](const SDL_Event& e){ loadingState->handleEvent(e); });
    stateMgr.registerOnEnter(AppState::Loading, [&](){ loadingState->onEnter(); g_loadingStarted.store(true); });
    stateMgr.registerOnExit(AppState::Loading, [&](){ loadingState->onExit(); });

    stateMgr.registerHandler(AppState::Menu, [&](const SDL_Event& e){ menuState->handleEvent(e); });
    stateMgr.registerOnEnter(AppState::Menu, [&](){ menuState->onEnter(); });
    stateMgr.registerOnExit(AppState::Menu, [&](){ menuState->onExit(); });

    stateMgr.registerHandler(AppState::Options, [&](const SDL_Event& e){ optionsState->handleEvent(e); });
    stateMgr.registerOnEnter(AppState::Options, [&](){ optionsState->onEnter(); });
    stateMgr.registerOnExit(AppState::Options, [&](){ optionsState->onExit(); });

    stateMgr.registerHandler(AppState::LevelSelector, [&](const SDL_Event& e){ levelSelectorState->handleEvent(e); });
    stateMgr.registerOnEnter(AppState::LevelSelector, [&](){ levelSelectorState->onEnter(); });
    stateMgr.registerOnExit(AppState::LevelSelector, [&](){ levelSelectorState->onExit(); });

    // Combined Playing state handler: run playingState handler
    stateMgr.registerHandler(AppState::Playing, [&](const SDL_Event& e){
        // First give the PlayingState a chance to handle the event
        playingState->handleEvent(e);
    });
    stateMgr.registerOnEnter(AppState::Playing, [&](){ playingState->onEnter(); });
    stateMgr.registerOnExit(AppState::Playing, [&](){ playingState->onExit(); });

    // Manually trigger the initial Loading state's onEnter
    loadingState->onEnter();
    g_loadingStarted.store(true);

    // Playing, LevelSelect and GameOver currently use inline logic in main; we'll migrate later
    while (running)
    {
        if (!ctx.scores && scoresLoadComplete.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
            ensureScoresLoaded();
        }

        int winW = 0, winH = 0;
        SDL_GetWindowSize(window, &winW, &winH);
        
        // Use the full window for the viewport, scale to fit content
        logicalScale = std::min(winW / (float)LOGICAL_W, winH / (float)LOGICAL_H);
        if (logicalScale <= 0)
            logicalScale = 1.f;
        
        // Fill the entire window with our viewport
        logicalVP.w = winW;
        logicalVP.h = winH;
        logicalVP.x = 0;
        logicalVP.y = 0;
        // --- Events ---
        SDL_Event e;
        while (SDL_PollEvent(&e))
        {
            if (e.type == SDL_EVENT_QUIT || e.type == SDL_EVENT_WINDOW_CLOSE_REQUESTED)
                running = false;
            else {
                // Route event to state manager handlers for per-state logic
                const bool isUserInputEvent =
                    e.type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN ||
                    e.type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_UP ||
                    e.type == SDL_EVENT_TEXT_INPUT ||
                    e.type == SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_DOWN ||
                    e.type == SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP ||
                    e.type == SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_MOTION;

                if (!(showHelpOverlay && isUserInputEvent)) {
                    stateMgr.handleEvent(e);
                    // Keep the local `state` variable in sync with StateManager in case
                    // a state handler requested a transition (handlers may call
                    // stateMgr.setState()). Many branches below rely on the local
                    // `state` variable, so update it immediately after handling.
                    state = stateMgr.getState();
                }

                // Global key toggles (applies regardless of state)
                if (e.type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN && !e.key.repeat) {
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_M)
                    {
                        Audio::instance().toggleMute();
                        musicEnabled = !musicEnabled;
                        Settings::instance().setMusicEnabled(musicEnabled);
                    }
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_N)
                    {
                        Audio::instance().skipToNextTrack();
                        if (!musicStarted && Audio::instance().getLoadedTrackCount() > 0) {
                            musicStarted = true;
                            musicEnabled = true;
                            Settings::instance().setMusicEnabled(true);
                        }
                    }
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_S)
                    {
                        // Toggle sound effects
                        SoundEffectManager::instance().setEnabled(!SoundEffectManager::instance().isEnabled());
                        Settings::instance().setSoundEnabled(SoundEffectManager::instance().isEnabled());
                    }
                    // Disable H-help shortcut on the main menu; keep it elsewhere
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_H && state != AppState::Loading && state != AppState::Menu)
                    {
                        showHelpOverlay = !showHelpOverlay;
                        if (state == AppState::Playing) {
                            if (showHelpOverlay) {
                                if (!game.isPaused()) {
                                    game.setPaused(true);
                                    helpOverlayPausedGame = true;
                                } else {
                                    helpOverlayPausedGame = false;
                                }
                            } else if (helpOverlayPausedGame) {
                                game.setPaused(false);
                                helpOverlayPausedGame = false;
                            }
                        } else if (!showHelpOverlay) {
                            helpOverlayPausedGame = false;
                        }
                    }
                    // If help overlay is visible and the user presses ESC, close help and return to Menu
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_ESCAPE && showHelpOverlay) {
                        showHelpOverlay = false;
                        helpOverlayPausedGame = false;
                        // Unpause game if we paused it for the overlay
                        if (state == AppState::Playing) {
                            if (game.isPaused() && !helpOverlayPausedGame) {
                                // If paused for other reasons, avoid overriding; otherwise ensure unpaused
                                // (The flag helps detect pause because of help overlay.)
                            }
                        }
                        if (state != AppState::Menu && ctx.requestFadeTransition) {
                            // Request a transition back to the Menu state
                            ctx.requestFadeTransition(AppState::Menu);
                        } else if (state != AppState::Menu && ctx.stateManager) {
                            state = AppState::Menu;
                            ctx.stateManager->setState(state);
                        }
                    }
                    if (e.key.key == SDLK_F11 || (e.key.key == SDLK_RETURN && (e.key.mod & SDL_KMOD_ALT)))
                    {
                        isFullscreen = !isFullscreen;
                        SDL_SetWindowFullscreen(window, isFullscreen ? SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN : 0);
                        Settings::instance().setFullscreen(isFullscreen);
                    }
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_F5)
                    {
                        warpAutoPilotEnabled = false;
                        warpFlightMode = SpaceWarpFlightMode::Forward;
                        spaceWarp.setFlightMode(warpFlightMode);
                        SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Space warp mode: forward");
                    }
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_F6)
                    {
                        warpAutoPilotEnabled = false;
                        warpFlightMode = SpaceWarpFlightMode::BankLeft;
                        spaceWarp.setFlightMode(warpFlightMode);
                        SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Space warp mode: bank left");
                    }
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_F7)
                    {
                        warpAutoPilotEnabled = false;
                        warpFlightMode = SpaceWarpFlightMode::BankRight;
                        spaceWarp.setFlightMode(warpFlightMode);
                        SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Space warp mode: bank right");
                    }
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_F8)
                    {
                        warpAutoPilotEnabled = false;
                        warpFlightMode = SpaceWarpFlightMode::Reverse;
                        spaceWarp.setFlightMode(warpFlightMode);
                        SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Space warp mode: reverse");
                    }
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_F9)
                    {
                        warpAutoPilotEnabled = true;
                        spaceWarp.setAutoPilotEnabled(true);
                        SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Space warp autopilot engaged");
                    }
                }
                
                // Text input for high score
                if (!showHelpOverlay && state == AppState::GameOver && isNewHighScore && e.type == SDL_EVENT_TEXT_INPUT) {
                    if (playerName.length() < 12) {
                        playerName += e.text.text;
                    }
                }

                if (!showHelpOverlay && state == AppState::GameOver && e.type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN && !e.key.repeat) {
                    if (isNewHighScore) {
                        if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_BACKSPACE && !playerName.empty()) {
                            playerName.pop_back();
                        } else if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_RETURN || e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_KP_ENTER) {
                            if (playerName.empty()) playerName = "PLAYER";
                            ensureScoresLoaded();
                            scores.submit(game.score(), game.lines(), game.level(), game.elapsed(), playerName);
                            Settings::instance().setPlayerName(playerName);
                            isNewHighScore = false;
                            SDL_StopTextInput(window);
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_RETURN || e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_KP_ENTER || e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_SPACE) {
                            // Restart
                            game.reset(startLevelSelection);
                            state = AppState::Playing;
                            stateMgr.setState(state);
                        } else if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_ESCAPE) {
                            // Menu
                            state = AppState::Menu;
                            stateMgr.setState(state);
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Mouse handling remains in main loop for UI interactions
                if (!showHelpOverlay && e.type == SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_DOWN)
                {
                    float mx = (float)e.button.x, my = (float)e.button.y;
                    if (mx >= logicalVP.x && my >= logicalVP.y && mx <= logicalVP.x + logicalVP.w && my <= logicalVP.y + logicalVP.h)
                    {
                        float lx = (mx - logicalVP.x) / logicalScale, ly = (my - logicalVP.y) / logicalScale;
                        if (state == AppState::Menu)
                        {
                            // Compute content offsets (match MenuState centering)
                            float contentW = LOGICAL_W * logicalScale;
                            float contentH = LOGICAL_H * logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / logicalScale;

                            if (showSettingsPopup) {
                                // Click anywhere closes settings popup
                                showSettingsPopup = false;
                            } else {
                                ui::MenuLayoutParams params{ LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H, winW, winH, logicalScale };
                                auto buttonRects = ui::computeMenuButtonRects(params);

                                auto pointInRect = [&](const SDL_FRect& r) {
                                    return lx >= r.x && lx <= r.x + r.w && ly >= r.y && ly <= r.y + r.h;
                                };

                                if (pointInRect(buttonRects[0])) {
                                    startMenuPlayTransition();
                                } else if (pointInRect(buttonRects[1])) {
                                    requestStateFade(AppState::LevelSelector);
                                } else if (pointInRect(buttonRects[2])) {
                                    requestStateFade(AppState::Options);
                                } else if (pointInRect(buttonRects[3])) {
                                    // HELP - show inline help HUD in the MenuState
                                    if (menuState) menuState->showHelpPanel(true);
                                } else if (pointInRect(buttonRects[4])) {
                                    showExitConfirmPopup = true;
                                    exitPopupSelectedButton = 1;
                                }
                                
                                // Settings button (gear icon area - top right)
                                SDL_FRect settingsBtn{SETTINGS_BTN_X, SETTINGS_BTN_Y, SETTINGS_BTN_W, SETTINGS_BTN_H};
                                if (lx >= settingsBtn.x && lx <= settingsBtn.x + settingsBtn.w && ly >= settingsBtn.y && ly <= settingsBtn.y + settingsBtn.h)
                                {
                                    showSettingsPopup = true;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else if (state == AppState::LevelSelect)
                            startLevelSelection = (startLevelSelection + 1) % 20;
                        else if (state == AppState::GameOver) {
                            state = AppState::Menu;
                            stateMgr.setState(state);
                        }
                        else if (state == AppState::Playing && showExitConfirmPopup) {
                            // Convert mouse to logical coordinates and to content-local coords
                            float lx = (mx - logicalVP.x) / logicalScale;
                            float ly = (my - logicalVP.y) / logicalScale;
                            // Compute content offsets (same as in render path)
                            float contentW = LOGICAL_W * logicalScale;
                            float contentH = LOGICAL_H * logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            // Map to content-local logical coords (what drawing code uses)
                            float localX = lx - contentOffsetX;
                            float localY = ly - contentOffsetY;

                            // Popup rect in logical coordinates (content-local)
                            float popupW = 400, popupH = 200;
                            float popupX = (LOGICAL_W - popupW) / 2.0f;
                            float popupY = (LOGICAL_H - popupH) / 2.0f;
                            // Simple Yes/No buttons
                            float btnW = 120.0f, btnH = 40.0f;
                            float yesX = popupX + popupW * 0.25f - btnW / 2.0f;
                            float noX = popupX + popupW * 0.75f - btnW / 2.0f;
                            float btnY = popupY + popupH - btnH - 20.0f;

                            if (localX >= popupX && localX <= popupX + popupW && localY >= popupY && localY <= popupY + popupH) {
                                // Click inside popup - check buttons
                                if (localX >= yesX && localX <= yesX + btnW && localY >= btnY && localY <= btnY + btnH) {
                                    // Yes -> go back to menu
                                    showExitConfirmPopup = false;
                                    game.reset(startLevelSelection);
                                    state = AppState::Menu;
                                    stateMgr.setState(state);
                                } else if (localX >= noX && localX <= noX + btnW && localY >= btnY && localY <= btnY + btnH) {
                                    // No -> close popup and resume
                                    showExitConfirmPopup = false;
                                    game.setPaused(false);
                                }
                            } else {
                                // Click outside popup: cancel
                                showExitConfirmPopup = false;
                                game.setPaused(false);
                            }
                        }
                        else if (state == AppState::Menu && showExitConfirmPopup) {
                            float contentW = LOGICAL_W * logicalScale;
                            float contentH = LOGICAL_H * logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            float popupW = 420.0f;
                            float popupH = 230.0f;
                            float popupX = (LOGICAL_W - popupW) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX;
                            float popupY = (LOGICAL_H - popupH) * 0.5f + contentOffsetY;
                            float btnW = 140.0f;
                            float btnH = 50.0f;
                            float yesX = popupX + popupW * 0.3f - btnW / 2.0f;
                            float noX = popupX + popupW * 0.7f - btnW / 2.0f;
                            float btnY = popupY + popupH - btnH - 30.0f;
                            bool insidePopup = lx >= popupX && lx <= popupX + popupW && ly >= popupY && ly <= popupY + popupH;
                            if (insidePopup) {
                                if (lx >= yesX && lx <= yesX + btnW && ly >= btnY && ly <= btnY + btnH) {
                                    showExitConfirmPopup = false;
                                    running = false;
                                } else if (lx >= noX && lx <= noX + btnW && ly >= btnY && ly <= btnY + btnH) {
                                    showExitConfirmPopup = false;
                                }
                            } else {
                                showExitConfirmPopup = false;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if (!showHelpOverlay && e.type == SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_MOTION)
                {
                    float mx = (float)e.motion.x, my = (float)e.motion.y;
                    if (mx >= logicalVP.x && my >= logicalVP.y && mx <= logicalVP.x + logicalVP.w && my <= logicalVP.y + logicalVP.h)
                    {
                        float lx = (mx - logicalVP.x) / logicalScale, ly = (my - logicalVP.y) / logicalScale;
                        if (state == AppState::Menu && !showSettingsPopup)
                        {
                            // Compute content offsets and responsive buttons (match MenuState)
                            float contentW = LOGICAL_W * logicalScale;
                            float contentH = LOGICAL_H * logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            ui::MenuLayoutParams params{ LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H, winW, winH, logicalScale };
                            hoveredButton = ui::hitTestMenuButtons(params, lx, ly);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // --- Timing ---
        Uint64 now = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
        double frameMs = double(now - lastMs) * 1000.0 / double(SDL_GetPerformanceFrequency());
        lastMs = now;
        
        // Cap frame time to avoid spiral of death (max 100ms)
        if (frameMs > 100.0) frameMs = 100.0;
        gameplayBackgroundClockMs += frameMs;
        const bool *ks = SDL_GetKeyboardState(nullptr);
        bool left = state == AppState::Playing && ks[SDL_SCANCODE_LEFT];
        bool right = state == AppState::Playing && ks[SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHT];
        bool down = state == AppState::Playing && ks[SDL_SCANCODE_DOWN];

        // Inform game about soft-drop state for scoring parity (1 point per cell when holding Down)
        if (state == AppState::Playing)
            game.setSoftDropping(down && !game.isPaused());
        else
            game.setSoftDropping(false);

        // Handle DAS/ARR
        int moveDir = 0;
        if (left && !right)
            moveDir = -1;
        else if (right && !left)
            moveDir = +1;

        if (moveDir != 0 && !game.isPaused())
        {
            if ((moveDir == -1 && leftHeld == false) || (moveDir == +1 && rightHeld == false))
            {
                game.move(moveDir);
                moveTimerMs = DAS;
            }
            else
            {
                moveTimerMs -= frameMs;
                if (moveTimerMs <= 0)
                {
                    game.move(moveDir);
                    moveTimerMs += ARR;
                }
            }
        }
        else
            moveTimerMs = 0;
        leftHeld = left;
        rightHeld = right;
        if (down && !game.isPaused())
            game.softDropBoost(frameMs);
        // Track music loading on every frame so it finishes even after the loading screen ends
        if (musicLoadingStarted && !musicLoaded) {
            currentTrackLoading = Audio::instance().getLoadedTrackCount();
            if (Audio::instance().isLoadingComplete() || (totalTracks > 0 && currentTrackLoading >= totalTracks)) {
                Audio::instance().shuffle();
                // Defer starting playback until the app has entered the Menu/Playing state.
                // Actual playback is started below when `musicLoaded` is observed and
                // the state is Menu or Playing (so the user doesn't hear music while
                // still on the Loading screen).
                musicLoaded = true;
            }
        }

        if (state == AppState::Playing)
        {
            if (!game.isPaused()) {
                game.tickGravity(frameMs);
                game.updateElapsedTime();
                
                // Update line effect and clear lines when animation completes
                if (lineEffect.isActive()) {
                    if (lineEffect.update(frameMs / 1000.0f)) {
                        // Effect is complete, now actually clear the lines
                        game.clearCompletedLines();
                    }
                }
            }
            if (game.isGameOver())
            {
                // Always allow name entry if score > 0
                if (game.score() > 0) {
                    isNewHighScore = true; // Reuse flag to trigger input mode
                    playerName = "";
                    SDL_StartTextInput(window);
                } else {
                    isNewHighScore = false;
                    ensureScoresLoaded();
                    scores.submit(game.score(), game.lines(), game.level(), game.elapsed());
                }
                state = AppState::GameOver;
                stateMgr.setState(state);
            }
        }
        else if (state == AppState::Loading)
        {
            static int queuedTextureCount = 0;
            // Execute one loading step per frame on main thread via LoadingManager
            if (g_loadingStarted.load() && !g_loadingComplete.load()) {
                static bool queuedTextures = false;
                static std::vector<std::string> queuedPaths;
                if (!queuedTextures) {
                    queuedTextures = true;
                    // Initialize counters and clear previous errors
                    constexpr int baseTasks = 25; // keep same budget as before
                    g_totalLoadingTasks.store(baseTasks);
                    g_loadedTasks.store(0);
                    {
                        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_assetLoadErrorsMutex);
                        g_assetLoadErrors.clear();
                    }
                    {
                        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_currentLoadingMutex);
                        g_currentLoadingFile.clear();
                    }

                    // Initialize background music loading
                    Audio::instance().init();
                    totalTracks = 0;
                    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; ++i) {
                        char base[128];
                        std::snprintf(base, sizeof(base), "assets/music/music%03d", i);
                        std::string path = AssetPath::resolveWithExtensions(base, { ".mp3" });
                        if (path.empty()) break;
                        Audio::instance().addTrackAsync(path);
                        totalTracks++;
                    }
                    g_totalLoadingTasks.store(baseTasks + totalTracks);
                    if (totalTracks > 0) {
                        Audio::instance().startBackgroundLoading();
                        musicLoadingStarted = true;
                    } else {
                        musicLoaded = true;
                    }

                    // Initialize fonts (synchronous, cheap)
                    pixelFont.init(AssetPath::resolveWithBase("assets/fonts/Orbitron.ttf"), 22);
                    g_loadedTasks.fetch_add(1);
                    font.init(AssetPath::resolveWithBase("assets/fonts/Exo2.ttf"), 20);
                    g_loadedTasks.fetch_add(1);

                    // Queue UI textures for incremental loading
                    queuedPaths = {
                        "assets/images/spacetris.png",
                        "assets/images/spacetris.png", // small logo uses same source
                        "assets/images/main_screen.png",
                        "assets/images/blocks90px_001.bmp",
                        "assets/images/panel_score.png",
                        "assets/images/statistics_panel.png",
                        "assets/images/next_panel.png"
                    };
                    for (auto &p : queuedPaths) {
                        loadingManager.queueTexture(p);
                    }
                    queuedTextureCount = static_cast<int>(queuedPaths.size());

                    // Initialize sound effects manager (counts as a loaded task)
                    SoundEffectManager::instance().init();
                    g_loadedTasks.fetch_add(1);

                    // Load small set of voice/audio SFX synchronously for now (keeps behavior)
                    const std::vector<std::string> audioIds = {"clear_line","nice_combo","you_fire","well_played","keep_that_ryhtm","great_move","smooth_clear","impressive","triple_strike","amazing","you_re_unstoppable","boom_tetris","wonderful","lets_go","hard_drop","new_level"};
                    for (const auto &id : audioIds) {
                        std::string basePath = "assets/music/" + (id == "hard_drop" ? "hard_drop_001" : id);
                        {
                            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_currentLoadingMutex);
                            g_currentLoadingFile = basePath;
                        }
                        std::string resolved = AssetPath::resolveWithExtensions(basePath, { ".wav", ".mp3" });
                        if (!resolved.empty()) {
                            SoundEffectManager::instance().loadSound(id, resolved);
                        }
                        g_loadedTasks.fetch_add(1);
                        {
                            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_currentLoadingMutex);
                            g_currentLoadingFile.clear();
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Perform a single texture loading step via LoadingManager
                bool texturesDone = loadingManager.update();
                if (texturesDone) {
                    // Bind loaded textures into the runtime context
                    logoTex = assetLoader.getTexture("assets/images/spacetris.png");
                    logoSmallTex = assetLoader.getTexture("assets/images/spacetris.png");
                    mainScreenTex = assetLoader.getTexture("assets/images/main_screen.png");
                    blocksTex = assetLoader.getTexture("assets/images/blocks90px_001.bmp");
                    scorePanelTex = assetLoader.getTexture("assets/images/panel_score.png");
                    statisticsPanelTex = assetLoader.getTexture("assets/images/statistics_panel.png");
                    nextPanelTex = assetLoader.getTexture("assets/images/next_panel.png");

                    auto ensureTextureSize = [&](SDL_Texture* tex, int& outW, int& outH) {
                        if (!tex) return;
                        if (outW > 0 && outH > 0) return;
                        float w = 0.0f, h = 0.0f;
                        if (SDL_GetTextureSize(tex, &w, &h)) {
                            outW = static_cast<int>(std::lround(w));
                            outH = static_cast<int>(std::lround(h));
                        }
                    };

                    // If a texture was created by AssetLoader (not legacy IMG_Load),
                    // its stored width/height may still be 0. Query the real size.
                    ensureTextureSize(logoSmallTex, logoSmallW, logoSmallH);
                    ensureTextureSize(mainScreenTex, mainScreenW, mainScreenH);

                    // Fallback: if any critical UI texture failed to load via AssetLoader,
                    // load synchronously using the legacy helper so the Menu can render.
                    auto legacyLoad = [&](const std::string& p, SDL_Texture*& outTex, int* outW = nullptr, int* outH = nullptr) {
                        if (!outTex) {
                            outTex = loadTextureFromImage(renderer, p, outW, outH);
                        }
                    };

                    legacyLoad("assets/images/spacetris.png", logoTex);
                    legacyLoad("assets/images/spacetris.png", logoSmallTex, &logoSmallW, &logoSmallH);
                    legacyLoad("assets/images/main_screen.png", mainScreenTex, &mainScreenW, &mainScreenH);
                    legacyLoad("assets/images/blocks90px_001.bmp", blocksTex);
                    legacyLoad("assets/images/panel_score.png", scorePanelTex);
                    legacyLoad("assets/images/statistics_panel.png", statisticsPanelTex);
                    legacyLoad("assets/images/next_panel.png", nextPanelTex);

                    // If blocks texture failed, create fallback and count it as loaded
                    if (!blocksTex) {
                        blocksTex = SDL_CreateTexture(renderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA8888, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_TARGET, 630, 90);
                        SDL_SetRenderTarget(renderer, blocksTex);
                        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 0);
                        SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
                        for (int i = 0; i < PIECE_COUNT; ++i) {
                            SDL_Color c = COLORS[i + 1];
                            SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, c.r, c.g, c.b, c.a);
                            SDL_FRect rect{(float)(i * 90), 0, 90, 90};
                            SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &rect);
                        }
                        SDL_SetRenderTarget(renderer, nullptr);
                        // Do not update global task counter here; textures are accounted
                        // for via the LoadingManager/AssetLoader progress below.
                    }

                    // Mark loading complete when music also loaded
                    if (musicLoaded) {
                        g_loadingComplete.store(true);
                    }
                }
            }
            
            // Prefer task-based progress if we have tasks registered
            const int totalTasks = g_totalLoadingTasks.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
            const int musicDone = std::min(totalTracks, currentTrackLoading);
            int doneTasks = g_loadedTasks.load(std::memory_order_acquire) + musicDone;
            // Include texture progress reported by the LoadingManager/AssetLoader
            if (queuedTextureCount > 0) {
                float texProg = loadingManager.getProgress();
                int texDone = static_cast<int>(std::floor(texProg * queuedTextureCount + 0.5f));
                if (texDone > queuedTextureCount) texDone = queuedTextureCount;
                doneTasks += texDone;
            }
            if (doneTasks > totalTasks) doneTasks = totalTasks;
            if (totalTasks > 0) {
                loadingProgress = std::min(1.0, double(doneTasks) / double(totalTasks));
                if (loadingProgress >= 1.0 && musicLoaded) {
                    state = AppState::Menu;
                    stateMgr.setState(state);
                }
            } else {
                // Fallback: time + audio heuristics (legacy behavior)
                double assetProgress = 0.2;
                double musicProgress = 0.0;
                if (totalTracks > 0) {
                    musicProgress = musicLoaded ? 0.7 : std::min(0.7, (double)currentTrackLoading / totalTracks * 0.7);
                } else {
                    if (Audio::instance().isLoadingComplete()) {
                        musicProgress = 0.7;
                    } else if (Audio::instance().getLoadedTrackCount() > 0) {
                        musicProgress = 0.35;
                    } else {
                        Uint32 elapsedMs = SDL_GetTicks() - static_cast<Uint32>(loadStart);
                        if (elapsedMs > 1500) {
                            musicProgress = 0.7;
                            musicLoaded = true;
                        } else {
                            musicProgress = 0.0;
                        }
                    }
                }
                double timeProgress = std::min(0.1, (now - loadStart) / 500.0);
                loadingProgress = std::min(1.0, assetProgress + musicProgress + timeProgress);
                if (loadingProgress > 0.99) loadingProgress = 1.0;
                if (!musicLoaded && timeProgress >= 0.1) loadingProgress = 1.0;
                if (loadingProgress >= 1.0 && musicLoaded) {
                    state = AppState::Menu;
                    stateMgr.setState(state);
                }
            }
        }
        if (state == AppState::Menu || state == AppState::Playing)
        {
            if (!musicStarted && musicLoaded)
            {
                // Load menu track once on first menu entry (in background to avoid blocking)
                static bool menuTrackLoaded = false;
                if (!menuTrackLoaded) {
                    if (menuTrackLoader.joinable()) {
                        menuTrackLoader.join();
                    }
                    menuTrackLoader = std::jthread([]() {
                        std::string menuTrack = AssetPath::resolveWithExtensions("assets/music/Every Block You Take", { ".mp3" });
                        if (!menuTrack.empty()) {
                            Audio::instance().setMenuTrack(menuTrack);
                        } else {
                            SDL_LogWarn(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Menu track not found (Every Block You Take)");
                        }
                    });
                    menuTrackLoaded = true;
                }
                
                // Start appropriate music based on state
                if (state == AppState::Menu) {
                    Audio::instance().playMenuMusic();
                } else {
                    Audio::instance().playGameMusic();
                }
                musicStarted = true;
            }
        }
        
        // Handle music transitions between states
        static AppState previousState = AppState::Loading;
        if (state != previousState && musicStarted) {
            if (state == AppState::Menu && previousState == AppState::Playing) {
                // Switched from game to menu
                Audio::instance().playMenuMusic();
            } else if (state == AppState::Playing && previousState == AppState::Menu) {
                // Switched from menu to game
                Audio::instance().playGameMusic();
            }
        }
        previousState = state;
        
        // Update background effects
        if (state == AppState::Loading) {
            starfield3D.update(float(frameMs / 1000.0f));
            starfield3D.resize(winW, winH);
        } else {
            starfield.update(float(frameMs / 1000.0f), logicalVP.x * 2 + logicalVP.w, logicalVP.y * 2 + logicalVP.h);
        }

        if (state == AppState::Menu) {
            spaceWarp.resize(winW, winH);
            spaceWarp.update(float(frameMs / 1000.0f));
        }

        // Advance level background fade if a next texture is queued
        levelBackgrounds.update(float(frameMs));
        
        // Update intro animations
        if (state == AppState::Menu) {
            logoAnimCounter += frameMs * 0.0008; // Animation speed
        }

        // --- Per-state update hooks (allow states to manage logic incrementally)
        switch (stateMgr.getState()) {
            case AppState::Loading:
                loadingState->update(frameMs);
                break;
            case AppState::Menu:
                menuState->update(frameMs);
                break;
            case AppState::Options:
                optionsState->update(frameMs);
                break;
            case AppState::LevelSelector:
                levelSelectorState->update(frameMs);
                break;
            case AppState::Playing:
                playingState->update(frameMs);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }

            // Keep context asset pointers in sync with assets loaded by the loader thread
            ctx.logoTex = logoTex;
            ctx.logoSmallTex = logoSmallTex;
            ctx.logoSmallW = logoSmallW;
            ctx.logoSmallH = logoSmallH;
            ctx.backgroundTex = backgroundTex;
            ctx.blocksTex = blocksTex;
            ctx.scorePanelTex = scorePanelTex;
            ctx.statisticsPanelTex = statisticsPanelTex;
            ctx.nextPanelTex = nextPanelTex;
            ctx.mainScreenTex = mainScreenTex;
            ctx.mainScreenW = mainScreenW;
            ctx.mainScreenH = mainScreenH;

        if (menuFadePhase == MenuFadePhase::FadeOut) {
            menuFadeClockMs += frameMs;
            menuFadeAlpha = std::min(1.0f, float(menuFadeClockMs / MENU_PLAY_FADE_DURATION_MS));
            if (menuFadeClockMs >= MENU_PLAY_FADE_DURATION_MS) {
                if (state != menuFadeTarget) {
                    state = menuFadeTarget;
                    stateMgr.setState(state);
                }

                if (menuFadeTarget == AppState::Playing) {
                    menuPlayCountdownArmed = true;
                    gameplayCountdownActive = false;
                    gameplayCountdownIndex = 0;
                    gameplayCountdownElapsed = 0.0;
                    game.setPaused(true);
                } else {
                    menuPlayCountdownArmed = false;
                    gameplayCountdownActive = false;
                    gameplayCountdownIndex = 0;
                    gameplayCountdownElapsed = 0.0;
                    game.setPaused(false);
                }
                menuFadePhase = MenuFadePhase::FadeIn;
                menuFadeClockMs = MENU_PLAY_FADE_DURATION_MS;
                menuFadeAlpha = 1.0f;
            }
        } else if (menuFadePhase == MenuFadePhase::FadeIn) {
            menuFadeClockMs -= frameMs;
            menuFadeAlpha = std::max(0.0f, float(menuFadeClockMs / MENU_PLAY_FADE_DURATION_MS));
            if (menuFadeClockMs <= 0.0) {
                menuFadePhase = MenuFadePhase::None;
                menuFadeClockMs = 0.0;
                menuFadeAlpha = 0.0f;
            }
        }

        if (menuFadePhase == MenuFadePhase::None && menuPlayCountdownArmed && !gameplayCountdownActive && state == AppState::Playing) {
            gameplayCountdownActive = true;
            menuPlayCountdownArmed = false;
            gameplayCountdownElapsed = 0.0;
            gameplayCountdownIndex = 0;
            game.setPaused(true);
        }

        if (gameplayCountdownActive && state == AppState::Playing) {
            gameplayCountdownElapsed += frameMs;
            if (gameplayCountdownElapsed >= GAMEPLAY_COUNTDOWN_STEP_MS) {
                gameplayCountdownElapsed -= GAMEPLAY_COUNTDOWN_STEP_MS;
                ++gameplayCountdownIndex;
                if (gameplayCountdownIndex >= static_cast<int>(GAMEPLAY_COUNTDOWN_LABELS.size())) {
                    gameplayCountdownActive = false;
                    gameplayCountdownElapsed = 0.0;
                    gameplayCountdownIndex = 0;
                    game.setPaused(false);
                }
            }
        }

        if (state != AppState::Playing && gameplayCountdownActive) {
            gameplayCountdownActive = false;
            menuPlayCountdownArmed = false;
            gameplayCountdownElapsed = 0.0;
            gameplayCountdownIndex = 0;
            game.setPaused(false);
        }

        // --- Render ---
        SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, nullptr);
        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 255);
        SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
        
    // Draw level-based background for gameplay, starfield for other states
    if (state == AppState::Playing) {
        int bgLevel = std::clamp(game.level(), 0, 32);
        levelBackgrounds.queueLevelBackground(renderer, bgLevel);
        levelBackgrounds.render(renderer, winW, winH, static_cast<float>(gameplayBackgroundClockMs));
    } else if (state == AppState::Loading) {
        // Use 3D starfield for loading screen (full screen)
        starfield3D.draw(renderer);
    } else if (state == AppState::Menu) {
        // Space flyover backdrop for the main screen
        spaceWarp.draw(renderer, 1.0f);
        // `mainScreenTex` is rendered as a top layer just before presenting
        // so we don't draw it here. Keep the space warp background only.
    } else if (state == AppState::LevelSelector || state == AppState::Options) {
        // No static background texture to draw (background image removed).
    } else {
        // Use regular starfield for other states (not gameplay)
        starfield.draw(renderer);
    }
        SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, &logicalVP);
        SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, logicalScale, logicalScale);

        switch (state)
        {
        case AppState::Loading:
        {
            // Calculate actual content area (centered within the window)
            float contentScale = logicalScale;
            float contentW = LOGICAL_W * contentScale;
            float contentH = LOGICAL_H * contentScale;
            float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / contentScale;
            float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / contentScale;
            
            auto drawRect = [&](float x, float y, float w, float h, SDL_Color c)
            { SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer,c.r,c.g,c.b,c.a); SDL_FRect fr{x + contentOffsetX, y + contentOffsetY, w, h}; SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer,&fr); };
            
            // Calculate dimensions for perfect centering (like JavaScript version)
            const bool isLimitedHeight = LOGICAL_H < 450;
            const float logoHeight = logoTex ? (isLimitedHeight ? LOGICAL_H * 0.25f : LOGICAL_H * 0.4f) : 0;
            const float loadingTextHeight = 20; // Height of "LOADING" text (match JS)
            const float barHeight = 20; // Loading bar height (match JS)
            const float barPaddingVertical = isLimitedHeight ? 15 : 35;
            const float percentTextHeight = 24; // Height of percentage text
            const float spacingBetweenElements = isLimitedHeight ? 5 : 15;
            
            // Total content height
            const float totalContentHeight = logoHeight + 
                                           (logoHeight > 0 ? spacingBetweenElements : 0) +
                                           loadingTextHeight + 
                                           barPaddingVertical + 
                                           barHeight + 
                                           spacingBetweenElements + 
                                           percentTextHeight;
            
            // Start Y position for perfect vertical centering
            float currentY = (LOGICAL_H - totalContentHeight) / 2.0f;
            
            // Draw logo (centered, static like JavaScript version)
            if (logoTex)
            {
                // Use the same original large logo dimensions as JS (we used a half-size BMP previously)
                const int lw = 872, lh = 273;

                // Cap logo width similar to JS UI.MAX_LOGO_WIDTH (600) and available screen space
                const float maxLogoWidth = std::min(LOGICAL_W * 0.9f, 600.0f);
                const float availableHeight = isLimitedHeight ? LOGICAL_H * 0.25f : LOGICAL_H * 0.4f;
                const float availableWidth = maxLogoWidth;

                const float scaleFactorWidth = availableWidth / static_cast<float>(lw);
                const float scaleFactorHeight = availableHeight / static_cast<float>(lh);
                const float scaleFactor = std::min(scaleFactorWidth, scaleFactorHeight);

                const float displayWidth = lw * scaleFactor;
                const float displayHeight = lh * scaleFactor;
                const float logoX = (LOGICAL_W - displayWidth) / 2.0f;
                
                SDL_FRect dst{logoX + contentOffsetX, currentY + contentOffsetY, displayWidth, displayHeight};
                SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, logoTex, nullptr, &dst);
                
                currentY += displayHeight + spacingBetweenElements;
            }
            
            // Draw "LOADING" text (centered, using pixel font)
            const char* loadingText = "LOADING";
            float textWidth = strlen(loadingText) * 12.0f; // Approximate width for pixel font
            float textX = (LOGICAL_W - textWidth) / 2.0f;
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, textX + contentOffsetX, currentY + contentOffsetY, loadingText, 1.0f, {255, 204, 0, 255});
            
            currentY += loadingTextHeight + barPaddingVertical;
            
            // Draw loading bar (like JavaScript version)
            const int barW = 400, barH = 20;
            const int bx = (LOGICAL_W - barW) / 2;
            
            // Bar border (dark gray) - using drawRect which adds content offset
            drawRect(bx - 3, currentY - 3, barW + 6, barH + 6, {68, 68, 80, 255});
            
            // Bar background (darker gray)
            drawRect(bx, currentY, barW, barH, {34, 34, 34, 255});
            
            // Progress bar (gold color)
            drawRect(bx, currentY, int(barW * loadingProgress), barH, {255, 204, 0, 255});
            
            currentY += barH + spacingBetweenElements;
            
            // Draw percentage text (centered, using pixel font)
            int percentage = int(loadingProgress * 100);
            char percentText[16];
            std::snprintf(percentText, sizeof(percentText), "%d%%", percentage);
            
            float percentWidth = strlen(percentText) * 12.0f; // Approximate width for pixel font
            float percentX = (LOGICAL_W - percentWidth) / 2.0f;
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, percentX + contentOffsetX, currentY + contentOffsetY, percentText, 1.5f, {255, 204, 0, 255});
            
            // If any asset/audio errors occurred during startup, display recent ones in red
            {
                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_assetLoadErrorsMutex);
                const int maxShow = 5;
                int count = static_cast<int>(g_assetLoadErrors.size());
                if (count > 0) {
                    int start = std::max(0, count - maxShow);
                    float errY = currentY + spacingBetweenElements + 8.0f;

                    // Also make a visible window title change so users notice missing assets
                    std::string latest = g_assetLoadErrors.back();
                    std::string shortTitle = "Tetris - Missing assets";
                    if (!latest.empty()) {
                        std::string trimmed = latest;
                        if (trimmed.size() > 48) trimmed = trimmed.substr(0, 45) + "...";
                        shortTitle += ": ";
                        shortTitle += trimmed;
                    }
                    SDL_SetWindowTitle(window, shortTitle.c_str());

                    // Also append a trace log entry for visibility outside the SDL window
                    FILE* tf = fopen("tetris_trace.log", "a");
                    if (tf) {
                        fprintf(tf, "Loading error: %s\n", g_assetLoadErrors.back().c_str());
                        fclose(tf);
                    }

                    for (int i = start; i < count; ++i) {
                        const std::string& msg = g_assetLoadErrors[i];
                        // Truncate long messages to fit reasonably
                        std::string display = msg;
                        if (display.size() > 80) display = display.substr(0, 77) + "...";
                        pixelFont.draw(renderer, 80 + contentOffsetX, errY + contentOffsetY, display.c_str(), 0.85f, {255, 100, 100, 255});
                        errY += 20.0f;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Debug overlay: show current loading file and counters when enabled in settings
            if (Settings::instance().isDebugEnabled()) {
                std::string cur;
                {
                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_currentLoadingMutex);
                    cur = g_currentLoadingFile;
                }
                char buf[128];
                int loaded = g_loadedTasks.load();
                int total = g_totalLoadingTasks.load();
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Loaded: %d / %d", loaded, total);
                float debugX = 20.0f + contentOffsetX;
                float debugY = LOGICAL_H - 48.0f + contentOffsetY;
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, debugX, debugY, buf, 0.9f, SDL_Color{200,200,200,255});
                if (!cur.empty()) {
                    std::string display = "Loading: ";
                    display += cur;
                    if (display.size() > 80) display = display.substr(0,77) + "...";
                    pixelFont.draw(renderer, debugX, debugY + 18.0f, display.c_str(), 0.85f, SDL_Color{200,180,120,255});
                }
            }
        }
        break;
        case AppState::Menu:
            // Ensure overlay is loaded (drawn after highscores so it sits above that layer)
            if (!mainScreenTex) {
                mainScreenTex = loadTextureFromImage(renderer, "assets/images/main_screen.png", &mainScreenW, &mainScreenH);
            }

            // Render menu content that should appear *behind* the overlay (highscores/logo).
            // Bottom buttons are drawn separately on top.
            if (menuState) {
                menuState->drawMainButtonNormally = false;
                menuState->render(renderer, logicalScale, logicalVP);
            }

            // Draw main screen overlay above highscores
            if (mainScreenTex) {
                SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, nullptr);
                SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, 1.f, 1.f);
                float texW = mainScreenW > 0 ? static_cast<float>(mainScreenW) : 0.0f;
                float texH = mainScreenH > 0 ? static_cast<float>(mainScreenH) : 0.0f;
                if (texW <= 0.0f || texH <= 0.0f) {
                    float iwf = 0.0f, ihf = 0.0f;
                    if (!SDL_GetTextureSize(mainScreenTex, &iwf, &ihf)) {
                        iwf = ihf = 0.0f;
                    }
                    texW = iwf;
                    texH = ihf;
                }
                if (texW > 0.0f && texH > 0.0f) {
                    const float drawH = static_cast<float>(winH);
                    const float scale = drawH / texH;
                    const float drawW = texW * scale;
                    SDL_FRect dst{
                        (winW - drawW) * 0.5f,
                        0.0f,
                        drawW,
                        drawH
                    };
                    SDL_SetTextureBlendMode(mainScreenTex, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND);
                    SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, mainScreenTex, nullptr, &dst);
                }
                SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, &logicalVP);
                SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, logicalScale, logicalScale);
            }

            // Draw bottom menu buttons above the overlay
            if (menuState) {
                menuState->renderMainButtonTop(renderer, logicalScale, logicalVP);
            }
            break;
        case AppState::Options:
            optionsState->render(renderer, logicalScale, logicalVP);
            break;
        case AppState::LevelSelector:
            // Delegate level selector rendering to LevelSelectorState
            levelSelectorState->render(renderer, logicalScale, logicalVP);
            break;
        case AppState::LevelSelect:
        {
            const std::string title = "SELECT LEVEL";
            int tW = 0, tH = 0;
            font.measure(title, 2.5f, tW, tH);
            float titleX = (LOGICAL_W - (float)tW) / 2.0f;
            font.draw(renderer, titleX, 80, title, 2.5f, SDL_Color{255, 220, 0, 255});
            
            char buf[64];
            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "LEVEL: %d", startLevelSelection);
            font.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W * 0.5f - 80, 180, buf, 2.0f, SDL_Color{200, 240, 255, 255});
            font.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W * 0.5f - 180, 260, "ARROWS CHANGE  ENTER=OK  ESC=BACK", 1.2f, SDL_Color{200, 200, 220, 255});
        }
            break;
        case AppState::Playing:
            playingState->render(renderer, logicalScale, logicalVP);
            break;
        case AppState::GameOver:
            // Draw the game state in the background
            GameRenderer::renderPlayingState(
                renderer,
                &game,
                &pixelFont,
                &lineEffect,
                blocksTex,
                ctx.statisticsPanelTex,
                scorePanelTex,
                nextPanelTex,
                (float)LOGICAL_W,
                (float)LOGICAL_H,
                logicalScale,
                (float)winW,
                (float)winH
            );

            // Draw Game Over Overlay
            {
                // 1. Dim the background
                SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, nullptr); // Use window coordinates for full screen dim
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 180); // Dark semi-transparent
                SDL_FRect fullWin{0.f, 0.f, (float)winW, (float)winH};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &fullWin);
                
                // Restore logical viewport
                SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, &logicalVP);
                SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, logicalScale, logicalScale);

                // 2. Calculate content offsets (same as in GameRenderer)
                float contentScale = logicalScale;
                float contentW = LOGICAL_W * contentScale;
                float contentH = LOGICAL_H * contentScale;
                float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / contentScale;
                float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / contentScale;

                // 3. Draw Game Over Box
                float boxW = 500.0f;
                float boxH = 350.0f;
                float boxX = (LOGICAL_W - boxW) * 0.5f;
                float boxY = (LOGICAL_H - boxH) * 0.5f;

                // Draw box background
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 20, 25, 35, 255);
                SDL_FRect boxRect{boxX + contentOffsetX, boxY + contentOffsetY, boxW, boxH};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &boxRect);
                
                // Draw box border
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 100, 120, 200, 255);
                SDL_FRect borderRect{boxX + contentOffsetX - 3, boxY + contentOffsetY - 3, boxW + 6, boxH + 6};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &borderRect); // Use FillRect for border background effect
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 20, 25, 35, 255);
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &boxRect); // Redraw background on top of border rect

                // 4. Draw Text
                // 4. Draw Text
                // Title
                ensureScoresLoaded();
                bool realHighScore = scores.isHighScore(game.score());
                const char* title = realHighScore ? "NEW HIGH SCORE!" : "GAME OVER";
                int tW=0, tH=0; pixelFont.measure(title, 2.0f, tW, tH);
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, boxX + (boxW - tW) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX, boxY + 40 + contentOffsetY, title, 2.0f, realHighScore ? SDL_Color{255, 220, 0, 255} : SDL_Color{255, 60, 60, 255});

                // Score
                char scoreStr[64];
                snprintf(scoreStr, sizeof(scoreStr), "SCORE: %d", game.score());
                int sW=0, sH=0; pixelFont.measure(scoreStr, 1.2f, sW, sH);
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, boxX + (boxW - sW) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX, boxY + 100 + contentOffsetY, scoreStr, 1.2f, {255, 255, 255, 255});

                if (isNewHighScore) {
                    // Name Entry
                    const char* enterName = "ENTER NAME:";
                    int enW=0, enH=0; pixelFont.measure(enterName, 1.0f, enW, enH);
                    pixelFont.draw(renderer, boxX + (boxW - enW) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX, boxY + 160 + contentOffsetY, enterName, 1.0f, {200, 200, 220, 255});

                    // Input box
                    float inputW = 300.0f;
                    float inputH = 40.0f;
                    float inputX = boxX + (boxW - inputW) * 0.5f;
                    float inputY = boxY + 200.0f;
                    
                    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 255);
                    SDL_FRect inputRect{inputX + contentOffsetX, inputY + contentOffsetY, inputW, inputH};
                    SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &inputRect);
                    
                    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 220, 0, 255);
                    SDL_RenderRect(renderer, &inputRect);

                    // Player Name (blink cursor without shifting text)
                    const float nameScale = 1.2f;
                    const bool showCursor = ((SDL_GetTicks() / 500) % 2) == 0;

                    int metricsW = 0, metricsH = 0;
                    pixelFont.measure("A", nameScale, metricsW, metricsH);
                    if (metricsH == 0) metricsH = 24; // fallback height

                    int nameW = 0, nameH = 0;
                    if (!playerName.empty()) {
                        pixelFont.measure(playerName, nameScale, nameW, nameH);
                    } else {
                        nameH = metricsH;
                    }

                    float textX = inputX + (inputW - static_cast<float>(nameW)) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX;
                    float textY = inputY + (inputH - static_cast<float>(metricsH)) * 0.5f + contentOffsetY;

                    if (!playerName.empty()) {
                        pixelFont.draw(renderer, textX, textY, playerName, nameScale, {255, 255, 255, 255});
                    }

                    if (showCursor) {
                        int cursorW = 0, cursorH = 0;
                        pixelFont.measure("_", nameScale, cursorW, cursorH);
                        float cursorX = playerName.empty()
                            ? inputX + (inputW - static_cast<float>(cursorW)) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX
                            : textX + static_cast<float>(nameW);
                        float cursorY = inputY + (inputH - static_cast<float>(cursorH)) * 0.5f + contentOffsetY;
                        pixelFont.draw(renderer, cursorX, cursorY, "_", nameScale, {255, 255, 255, 255});
                    }

                    // Hint
                    const char* hint = "PRESS ENTER TO SUBMIT";
                    int hW=0, hH=0; pixelFont.measure(hint, 0.8f, hW, hH);
                    pixelFont.draw(renderer, boxX + (boxW - hW) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX, boxY + 280 + contentOffsetY, hint, 0.8f, {150, 150, 150, 255});

                } else {
                    // Lines
                    char linesStr[64];
                    snprintf(linesStr, sizeof(linesStr), "LINES: %d", game.lines());
                    int lW=0, lH=0; pixelFont.measure(linesStr, 1.2f, lW, lH);
                    pixelFont.draw(renderer, boxX + (boxW - lW) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX, boxY + 140 + contentOffsetY, linesStr, 1.2f, {255, 255, 255, 255});
                    
                    // Level
                    char levelStr[64];
                    snprintf(levelStr, sizeof(levelStr), "LEVEL: %d", game.level());
                    int lvW=0, lvH=0; pixelFont.measure(levelStr, 1.2f, lvW, lvH);
                    pixelFont.draw(renderer, boxX + (boxW - lvW) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX, boxY + 180 + contentOffsetY, levelStr, 1.2f, {255, 255, 255, 255});

                    // Instructions
                    const char* instr = "PRESS ENTER TO RESTART";
                    int iW=0, iH=0; pixelFont.measure(instr, 0.9f, iW, iH);
                    pixelFont.draw(renderer, boxX + (boxW - iW) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX, boxY + 260 + contentOffsetY, instr, 0.9f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
                    
                    const char* instr2 = "PRESS ESC FOR MENU";
                    int iW2=0, iH2=0; pixelFont.measure(instr2, 0.9f, iW2, iH2);
                    pixelFont.draw(renderer, boxX + (boxW - iW2) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX, boxY + 290 + contentOffsetY, instr2, 0.9f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        if (menuFadeAlpha > 0.0f) {
            SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, nullptr);
            SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, 1.f, 1.f);
            SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND);
            Uint8 alpha = Uint8(std::clamp(menuFadeAlpha, 0.0f, 1.0f) * 255.0f);
            SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, alpha);
            SDL_FRect fadeRect{0.f, 0.f, (float)winW, (float)winH};
            SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &fadeRect);
            SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_NONE);
            SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, &logicalVP);
            SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, logicalScale, logicalScale);
        }

        if (gameplayCountdownActive && state == AppState::Playing) {
            // Switch to window coordinates for perfect centering in any resolution
            SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, nullptr);
            SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, 1.f, 1.f);
            SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND);

            int cappedIndex = std::min(gameplayCountdownIndex, static_cast<int>(GAMEPLAY_COUNTDOWN_LABELS.size()) - 1);
            const char* label = GAMEPLAY_COUNTDOWN_LABELS[cappedIndex];
            bool isFinalCue = (cappedIndex == static_cast<int>(GAMEPLAY_COUNTDOWN_LABELS.size()) - 1);
            float textScale = isFinalCue ? 4.5f : 5.0f; // Much bigger fonts for countdown
            int textW = 0, textH = 0;
            pixelFont.measure(label, textScale, textW, textH);
            
            // Center in actual window coordinates (works for any resolution/fullscreen)
            float textX = (winW - static_cast<float>(textW)) * 0.5f;
            float textY = (winH - static_cast<float>(textH)) * 0.5f;
            SDL_Color textColor = isFinalCue ? SDL_Color{255, 230, 90, 255} : SDL_Color{255, 255, 255, 255};
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, textX, textY, label, textScale, textColor);

            SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_NONE);
        }

        if (showHelpOverlay) {
            SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, &logicalVP);
            SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, logicalScale, logicalScale);
            float contentOffsetX = 0.0f;
            float contentOffsetY = 0.0f;
            if (logicalScale > 0.0f) {
                float scaledW = LOGICAL_W * logicalScale;
                float scaledH = LOGICAL_H * logicalScale;
                contentOffsetX = (winW - scaledW) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                contentOffsetY = (winH - scaledH) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
            }
            HelpOverlay::Render(renderer, pixelFont, LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H, contentOffsetX, contentOffsetY);
        }

        SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
        SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, 1.f, 1.f);
    }
    if (logoTex)
        SDL_DestroyTexture(logoTex);
    if (mainScreenTex)
        SDL_DestroyTexture(mainScreenTex);
    levelBackgrounds.reset();
    if (blocksTex)
        SDL_DestroyTexture(blocksTex);
    if (scorePanelTex)
        SDL_DestroyTexture(scorePanelTex);
    if (logoSmallTex)
        SDL_DestroyTexture(logoSmallTex);
    
    // Save settings on exit
    Settings::instance().save();
    
    if (scoreLoader.joinable()) {
        scoreLoader.join();
        if (!ctx.scores) {
            ctx.scores = &scores;
        }
    }
    if (menuTrackLoader.joinable()) {
        menuTrackLoader.join();
    }
    lineEffect.shutdown();
    Audio::instance().shutdown();
    SoundEffectManager::instance().shutdown();
    font.shutdown();
    TTF_Quit();
    SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
    SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
    SDL_Quit();
    return 0;
}