Prefetch artwork prev/next navigation off the critical path.

Move neighbor lookup into a dedicated service and let the viewer load adjacent artworks after first paint instead of blocking the detail request.

app/Http/Controllers/Api/ArtworkNavigationController.php

@@ -5,11 +5,15 @@ namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
 use App\Http\Resources\ArtworkResource;
 use App\Models\Artwork;
+use App\Services\ArtworkNavigationService;
+use App\Services\ThumbnailPresenter;
 use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
-use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class ArtworkNavigationController extends Controller
 {
+    public function __construct(private readonly ArtworkNavigationService $navigation) {}
+
     /**
      * GET /api/artworks/navigation/{id}
      *
@@ -26,35 +30,11 @@ class ArtworkNavigationController extends Controller
                 'prev_id'   => null, 'next_id'   => null,
                 'prev_url'  => null, 'next_url'  => null,
                 'prev_slug' => null, 'next_slug' => null,
+                'prev_preview' => null, 'next_preview' => null,
             ]);
         }
 
-        $scope = Artwork::published()
+        return response()->json($this->navigation->navigationFor($artwork));
-            ->select(['id', 'title', 'slug'])
-            ->where('user_id', $artwork->user_id);
-
-        $prev = (clone $scope)->where('id', '<', $id)->orderByDesc('id')->first();
-        $next = (clone $scope)->where('id', '>', $id)->orderBy('id')->first();
-
-        // Infinite loop: wrap around when reaching the first or last artwork
-        if (! $prev) {
-            $prev = (clone $scope)->where('id', '!=', $id)->orderByDesc('id')->first();
-        }
-        if (! $next) {
-            $next = (clone $scope)->where('id', '!=', $id)->orderBy('id')->first();
-        }
-
-        $prevSlug = $prev ? (Str::slug($prev->slug ?: $prev->title) ?: (string) $prev->id) : null;
-        $nextSlug = $next ? (Str::slug($next->slug ?: $next->title) ?: (string) $next->id) : null;
-
-        return response()->json([
-            'prev_id'   => $prev?->id,
-            'next_id'   => $next?->id,
-            'prev_url'  => $prev ? url('/art/' . $prev->id . '/' . $prevSlug) : null,
-            'next_url'  => $next ? url('/art/' . $next->id . '/' . $nextSlug) : null,
-            'prev_slug' => $prevSlug,
-            'next_slug' => $nextSlug,
-        ]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -62,8 +42,12 @@ class ArtworkNavigationController extends Controller
      *
      * Returns full artwork resource by numeric ID for client-side (no-reload) navigation.
      */
-    public function pageData(int $id): JsonResponse
+    public function pageData(Request $request, int $id): JsonResponse
     {
+        if ($request->boolean('prefetch')) {
+            return $this->prefetchData($id);
+        }
+
         $artwork = Artwork::with(['user.profile', 'categories.contentType', 'categories.parent.contentType', 'tags', 'stats'])
             ->published()
             ->find($id);
@@ -73,7 +57,30 @@ class ArtworkNavigationController extends Controller
         }
 
         $resource = (new ArtworkResource($artwork))->toArray(request());
+        $resource['navigation'] = $this->navigation->navigationFor($artwork);
 
         return response()->json($resource);
     }
+
+    private function prefetchData(int $id): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $artwork = Artwork::query()
+            ->published()
+            ->select(['id', 'title', 'slug', 'hash', 'file_path', 'file_name'])
+            ->find($id);
+
+        if (! $artwork) {
+            return response()->json(['error' => 'Not found'], 404);
+        }
+
+        return response()->json([
+            'id' => (int) $artwork->id,
+            'title' => (string) $artwork->title,
+            'slug' => (string) $artwork->slug,
+            'thumbs' => [
+                'md' => ThumbnailPresenter::present($artwork, 'md'),
+                'lg' => ThumbnailPresenter::present($artwork, 'lg'),
+            ],
+        ]);
+    }
 }

app/Services/ArtworkNavigationService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+use App\Models\Artwork;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+final class ArtworkNavigationService
+{
+    /**
+     * Build the public previous/next navigation payload for an already loaded
+     * current artwork. No current-artwork lookup is performed here.
+     */
+    public function navigationFor(Artwork $artwork): array
+    {
+        $scope = Artwork::published()
+            ->select(['id', 'title', 'slug', 'hash', 'file_path', 'file_name'])
+            ->where('user_id', $artwork->user_id);
+
+        $prev = (clone $scope)->where('id', '<', $artwork->id)->orderByDesc('id')->first();
+        $next = (clone $scope)->where('id', '>', $artwork->id)->orderBy('id')->first();
+
+        if (! $prev) {
+            $prev = (clone $scope)->where('id', '!=', $artwork->id)->orderByDesc('id')->first();
+        }
+        if (! $next) {
+            $next = (clone $scope)->where('id', '!=', $artwork->id)->orderBy('id')->first();
+        }
+
+        $prevSlug = $this->canonicalSlug($prev);
+        $nextSlug = $this->canonicalSlug($next);
+
+        return [
+            'prev_id' => $prev?->id,
+            'next_id' => $next?->id,
+            'prev_url' => $prev ? url('/art/'.$prev->id.'/'.$prevSlug) : null,
+            'next_url' => $next ? url('/art/'.$next->id.'/'.$nextSlug) : null,
+            'prev_slug' => $prevSlug,
+            'next_slug' => $nextSlug,
+            'prev_preview' => $this->preview($prev),
+            'next_preview' => $this->preview($next),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    private function canonicalSlug(?Artwork $artwork): ?string
+    {
+        if (! $artwork) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return Str::slug($artwork->slug ?: $artwork->title) ?: (string) $artwork->id;
+    }
+
+    private function preview(?Artwork $artwork): ?array
+    {
+        if (! $artwork) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return [
+            'id' => (int) $artwork->id,
+            'title' => (string) $artwork->title,
+            'slug' => (string) $artwork->slug,
+            'thumbs' => [
+                'md' => ThumbnailPresenter::present($artwork, 'md'),
+                'lg' => ThumbnailPresenter::present($artwork, 'lg'),
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+}

resources/js/components/viewer/ArtworkNavigator.jsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { useState, useEffect, useCallback, useRef } from 'react';
 import { useNavContext } from '../../lib/useNavContext';
 
 const preloadCache = new Set();
+const prefetchCache = new Set();
 
 function scheduleIdleTask(callback, delay = 1200) {
   if (typeof window === 'undefined') {
@@ -32,8 +33,8 @@ function preloadImage(src) {
   img.src = src;
 }
 
-export default function ArtworkNavigator({ artworkId, onNavigate, onOpenViewer, onReady }) {
+export default function ArtworkNavigator({ artworkId, navigation = null, onNavigate, onOpenViewer, onReady }) {
-  const { getNeighbors } = useNavContext(artworkId);
+  const { getNeighbors } = useNavContext(artworkId, navigation);
   const [neighbors, setNeighbors] = useState({ prevId: null, nextId: null, prevUrl: null, nextUrl: null });
 
   // Refs so navigate/keyboard/swipe callbacks are stable (no dep on state values)
@@ -67,17 +68,42 @@ export default function ArtworkNavigator({ artworkId, onNavigate, onOpenViewer,
     const ids = [neighbors.prevId, neighbors.nextId].filter(Boolean);
     if (ids.length === 0) return undefined;
 
+    const previews = new Map([
+      [neighbors.prevId, neighbors.prevPreview],
+      [neighbors.nextId, neighbors.nextPreview],
+    ]);
+
     let cancelled = false;
     const cancelIdleTask = scheduleIdleTask(() => {
       ids.forEach((id) => {
-        fetch(`/api/artworks/${id}/page`, { headers: { Accept: 'application/json' } })
+        if (prefetchCache.has(id)) return;
-          .then((r) => r.ok ? r.json() : null)
+        prefetchCache.add(id);
+        const preview = previews.get(id);
+        if (preview) {
+          if (!cancelled) {
+            const imgUrl = preview.thumbs?.lg?.url || preview.thumbs?.md?.url;
+            if (imgUrl) preloadImage(imgUrl);
+          }
+          return;
+        }
+        fetch(`/api/artworks/${id}/page?prefetch=1`, { headers: { Accept: 'application/json' } })
+          .then((r) => {
+            if (!r.ok) {
+              prefetchCache.delete(id);
+              return null;
+            }
+            return r.json();
+          })
           .then((data) => {
-            if (cancelled || !data) return;
+            if (!data) {
+              prefetchCache.delete(id);
+              return;
+            }
+            if (cancelled) return;
             const imgUrl = data.thumbs?.lg?.url || data.thumbs?.md?.url;
             if (imgUrl) preloadImage(imgUrl);
           })
-          .catch(() => {});
+          .catch(() => prefetchCache.delete(id));
       });
     });
 
@@ -85,7 +111,7 @@ export default function ArtworkNavigator({ artworkId, onNavigate, onOpenViewer,
       cancelled = true;
       cancelIdleTask();
     };
-  }, [neighbors.prevId, neighbors.nextId]);
+  }, [neighbors.prevId, neighbors.nextId, neighbors.prevPreview, neighbors.nextPreview]);
 
   // Stable navigate — reads state via refs, never recreated
   const navigate = useCallback(async (targetId, targetUrl) => {

resources/js/components/viewer/ArtworkNavigator.prefetch.test.jsx

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import React from 'react'
+import { act, cleanup, render, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import ArtworkNavigator from './ArtworkNavigator'
+
+describe('ArtworkNavigator preview prefetch', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    cleanup()
+    vi.restoreAllMocks()
+    delete window.requestIdleCallback
+    delete window.cancelIdleCallback
+  })
+
+  it('seeds neighbor prefetch from navigation and keeps full navigation separate', async () => {
+    let idleCallback
+    let ready
+    window.requestIdleCallback = vi.fn((callback) => { idleCallback = callback; return 1 })
+    window.cancelIdleCallback = vi.fn()
+    global.fetch = vi.fn((url) => {
+      if (String(url).includes('/api/artworks/navigation/777')) {
+        return Promise.resolve({
+          ok: true,
+          json: async () => ({
+            prev_id: 776,
+            next_id: 778,
+            prev_url: '/art/776/previous',
+            next_url: '/art/778/next',
+            prev_slug: 'previous',
+            next_slug: 'next',
+            prev_preview: { id: 776, title: 'Previous', slug: 'previous', thumbs: { md: { url: '/md-776' }, lg: { url: '/lg-776' } } },
+            next_preview: { id: 778, title: 'Next', slug: 'next', thumbs: { md: { url: '/md-778' }, lg: { url: '/lg-778' } } },
+          }),
+        })
+      }
+
+      return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: async () => ({ id: 778, title: 'Next', slug: 'next' }) })
+    })
+
+    render(<ArtworkNavigator artworkId={777} onNavigate={vi.fn()} onReady={(next) => { if (next.hasNext) ready = next }} />)
+    await waitFor(() => expect(ready?.hasNext).toBe(true))
+    await act(async () => idleCallback())
+
+    expect(global.fetch.mock.calls.filter(([url]) => String(url).includes('?prefetch=1'))).toHaveLength(0)
+    await act(async () => ready.navigateNext())
+    expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/artworks/778/page', { headers: { Accept: 'application/json' } })
+  })
+
+  it('uses embedded initial navigation without a standalone or prefetch request', async () => {
+    let idleCallback
+    window.requestIdleCallback = vi.fn((callback) => { idleCallback = callback; return 1 })
+    window.cancelIdleCallback = vi.fn()
+    global.fetch = vi.fn()
+    const navigation = {
+      prev_id: 880,
+      next_id: 882,
+      prev_url: '/art/880/previous',
+      next_url: '/art/882/next',
+      prev_slug: 'previous',
+      next_slug: 'next',
+      prev_preview: { id: 880, title: 'Previous', slug: 'previous', thumbs: { md: { url: '/md-880' }, lg: { url: '/lg-880' } } },
+      next_preview: { id: 882, title: 'Next', slug: 'next', thumbs: { md: { url: '/md-882' }, lg: { url: '/lg-882' } } },
+    }
+
+    render(<ArtworkNavigator artworkId={881} navigation={navigation} onNavigate={vi.fn()} onReady={vi.fn()} />)
+    await waitFor(() => expect(window.requestIdleCallback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1))
+    await act(async () => idleCallback())
+
+    expect(global.fetch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('falls back to standalone navigation for malformed embedded data', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({ prev_id: 889, next_id: 891, prev_url: '/art/889/p', next_url: '/art/891/n', prev_slug: 'p', next_slug: 'n' }),
+    })
+
+    render(<ArtworkNavigator artworkId={890} navigation={{ prev_id: 889 }} onNavigate={vi.fn()} onReady={vi.fn()} />)
+    await waitFor(() => expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/artworks/navigation/890', { headers: { Accept: 'application/json' } }))
+  })
+})

resources/js/lib/useNavContext.js

@@ -8,6 +8,22 @@ import { useCallback } from 'react';
 // Module-level cache for API calls
 const fallbackCache = new Map();
 
+function normalizeNavigation(data) {
+  if (!data || typeof data !== 'object') return null;
+  const hasPrev = data.prev_id == null || (data.prev_url && data.prev_slug);
+  const hasNext = data.next_id == null || (data.next_url && data.next_slug);
+  if (!hasPrev || !hasNext) return null;
+
+  return {
+    prevId: data.prev_id ?? null,
+    nextId: data.next_id ?? null,
+    prevUrl: data.prev_url ?? null,
+    nextUrl: data.next_url ?? null,
+    prevPreview: data.prev_preview ?? null,
+    nextPreview: data.next_preview ?? null,
+  };
+}
+
 async function fetchFallback(artworkId) {
   const key = String(artworkId);
   if (fallbackCache.has(key)) return fallbackCache.get(key);
@@ -16,28 +32,25 @@ async function fetchFallback(artworkId) {
     const res = await fetch(`/api/artworks/navigation/${artworkId}`, {
       headers: { Accept: 'application/json' },
     });
-    if (!res.ok) return { prevId: null, nextId: null, prevUrl: null, nextUrl: null };
+    if (!res.ok) return { prevId: null, nextId: null, prevUrl: null, nextUrl: null, prevPreview: null, nextPreview: null };
     const data = await res.json();
-    const result = {
+    const result = normalizeNavigation(data) || { prevId: null, nextId: null, prevUrl: null, nextUrl: null, prevPreview: null, nextPreview: null };
-      prevId: data.prev_id ?? null,
-      nextId: data.next_id ?? null,
-      prevUrl: data.prev_url ?? null,
-      nextUrl: data.next_url ?? null,
-    };
     fallbackCache.set(key, result);
     return result;
   } catch {
-    return { prevId: null, nextId: null, prevUrl: null, nextUrl: null };
+    return { prevId: null, nextId: null, prevUrl: null, nextUrl: null, prevPreview: null, nextPreview: null };
   }
 }
 
-export function useNavContext(currentArtworkId) {
+export function useNavContext(currentArtworkId, embeddedNavigation = null) {
   /**
    * Always resolve via API to guarantee same-user navigation.
    */
   const getNeighbors = useCallback(async () => {
+    const embedded = normalizeNavigation(embeddedNavigation);
+    if (embedded) return embedded;
     return fetchFallback(currentArtworkId);
-  }, [currentArtworkId]);
+  }, [currentArtworkId, embeddedNavigation]);
 
   return { getNeighbors };
 }

tests/Feature/Artworks/M18B3ArtworkNavigationPrefetchTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Models\Artwork;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+uses(RefreshDatabase::class);
+
+it('returns only the image contract for navigation prefetch', function (): void {
+    $artwork = Artwork::factory()->create([
+        'title' => 'Prefetch Artwork',
+        'slug' => 'prefetch-artwork',
+        'hash' => 'aabbccddeeff00112233445566778899',
+        'file_path' => 'uploads/prefetch.jpg',
+    ]);
+    $queries = 0;
+
+    DB::listen(function () use (&$queries): void {
+        $queries++;
+    });
+
+    $response = $this->getJson('/api/artworks/'.$artwork->id.'/page?prefetch=1')
+        ->assertOk();
+
+    expect($queries)->toBe(1)
+        ->and($response->json())->toHaveKeys(['id', 'title', 'slug', 'thumbs'])
+        ->and($response->json('thumbs'))->toHaveKeys(['md', 'lg'])
+        ->and($response->json('thumbs.xl'))->toBeNull()
+        ->and($response->json('stats'))->toBeNull()
+        ->and($response->json('thumbs.lg.url'))->toBe(
+            'https://cdn.skinbase.org/artworks/lg/aa/bb/aabbccddeeff00112233445566778899.webp'
+        );
+});
+
+it('does not prefetch missing or unpublished artwork', function (): void {
+    $unpublished = Artwork::factory()->unpublished()->create();
+
+    $this->getJson('/api/artworks/'.$unpublished->id.'/page?prefetch=1')
+        ->assertNotFound();
+
+    $this->getJson('/api/artworks/999999/page?prefetch=1')
+        ->assertNotFound();
+});
+
+it('keeps full page navigation data available separately from prefetch', function (): void {
+    $artwork = Artwork::factory()->create([
+        'slug' => 'full-navigation-artwork',
+    ]);
+
+    $this->getJson('/api/artworks/'.$artwork->id.'/page')
+        ->assertOk()
+        ->assertJsonStructure([
+            'id', 'title', 'thumbs', 'user', 'categories', 'tags', 'stats', 'viewer',
+        ]);
+});
+
+it('measures the lightweight prefetch contract for guest and authenticated viewers', function (): void {
+    $artwork = Artwork::factory()->create([
+        'slug' => 'prefetch-measurement-artwork',
+        'hash' => 'aabbccddeeff00112233445566778899',
+    ]);
+
+    DB::enableQueryLog();
+    DB::flushQueryLog();
+    $guestPrefetch = $this->getJson('/api/artworks/'.$artwork->id.'/page?prefetch=1')->assertOk();
+    $guestPrefetchQueries = count(DB::getQueryLog());
+
+    DB::flushQueryLog();
+    $guestFull = $this->getJson('/api/artworks/'.$artwork->id.'/page')->assertOk();
+    $guestFullQueries = count(DB::getQueryLog());
+
+    DB::flushQueryLog();
+    $authPrefetch = $this->actingAs(User::factory()->create())
+        ->getJson('/api/artworks/'.$artwork->id.'/page?prefetch=1')
+        ->assertOk();
+    $authPrefetchQueries = count(DB::getQueryLog());
+    DB::flushQueryLog();
+    $authFull = $this->getJson('/api/artworks/'.$artwork->id.'/page')->assertOk();
+    $authFullQueries = count(DB::getQueryLog());
+    DB::disableQueryLog();
+
+    fwrite(STDERR, sprintf(
+        "M18B3 prefetch bytes/queries: guest=%d/%d auth=%d/%d; full guest=%d/%d auth=%d/%d\n",
+        strlen((string) $guestPrefetch->getContent()),
+        $guestPrefetchQueries,
+        strlen((string) $authPrefetch->getContent()),
+        $authPrefetchQueries,
+        strlen((string) $guestFull->getContent()),
+        $guestFullQueries,
+        strlen((string) $authFull->getContent()),
+        $authFullQueries,
+    ));
+
+    expect($guestPrefetchQueries)->toBe(1)
+        ->and($authPrefetchQueries)->toBeLessThanOrEqual(2)
+        ->and($guestPrefetch->json())->toEqual($authPrefetch->json());
+});

tests/Feature/Artworks/M18B6ArtworkNavigationTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Models\Artwork;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+
+uses(RefreshDatabase::class);
+
+function m18b6PublishedArtwork(User $user, string $slug): Artwork
+{
+    return Artwork::factory()->for($user)->create([
+        'slug' => $slug,
+        'published_at' => now()->subDay(),
+        'is_public' => true,
+        'is_approved' => true,
+    ]);
+}
+
+it('returns the correct previous and next artwork for a middle item', function (): void {
+    $user = User::factory()->create();
+    $first = m18b6PublishedArtwork($user, 'first');
+    $middle = m18b6PublishedArtwork($user, 'middle');
+    $last = m18b6PublishedArtwork($user, 'last');
+
+    $this->getJson('/api/artworks/navigation/'.$middle->id)
+        ->assertOk()
+        ->assertJson([
+            'prev_id' => $first->id,
+            'next_id' => $last->id,
+            'prev_url' => url('/art/'.$first->id.'/first'),
+            'next_url' => url('/art/'.$last->id.'/last'),
+            'prev_slug' => 'first',
+            'next_slug' => 'last',
+        ])
+        ->assertJsonStructure([
+            'prev_preview' => ['id', 'title', 'slug', 'thumbs' => ['md', 'lg']],
+            'next_preview' => ['id', 'title', 'slug', 'thumbs' => ['md', 'lg']],
+        ]);
+});
+
+it('wraps the first item to the last item', function (): void {
+    $user = User::factory()->create();
+    $first = m18b6PublishedArtwork($user, 'first');
+    $last = m18b6PublishedArtwork($user, 'last');
+
+    $this->getJson('/api/artworks/navigation/'.$first->id)
+        ->assertOk()
+        ->assertJsonPath('prev_id', $last->id)
+        ->assertJsonPath('next_id', $last->id)
+        ->assertJsonPath('prev_preview.id', $last->id)
+        ->assertJsonPath('next_preview.id', $last->id);
+});
+
+it('wraps the last item to the first item', function (): void {
+    $user = User::factory()->create();
+    $first = m18b6PublishedArtwork($user, 'first');
+    $last = m18b6PublishedArtwork($user, 'last');
+
+    $this->getJson('/api/artworks/navigation/'.$last->id)
+        ->assertOk()
+        ->assertJsonPath('prev_id', $first->id)
+        ->assertJsonPath('next_id', $first->id)
+        ->assertJsonPath('prev_preview.id', $first->id)
+        ->assertJsonPath('next_preview.id', $first->id);
+});
+
+it('returns the empty contract for a missing or hidden artwork', function (): void {
+    $empty = [
+        'prev_id' => null,
+        'next_id' => null,
+        'prev_url' => null,
+        'next_url' => null,
+        'prev_slug' => null,
+        'next_slug' => null,
+        'prev_preview' => null,
+        'next_preview' => null,
+    ];
+
+    $this->getJson('/api/artworks/navigation/999999')
+        ->assertOk()
+        ->assertExactJson($empty);
+
+    $private = Artwork::factory()->private()->create();
+    $this->getJson('/api/artworks/navigation/'.$private->id)
+        ->assertOk()
+        ->assertExactJson($empty);
+
+    $this->actingAs(User::factory()->create())
+        ->getJson('/api/artworks/navigation/'.$private->id)
+        ->assertOk()
+        ->assertExactJson($empty);
+});